Introduction to Japan tourism

Japan is ranked as the 1 lath country that compare to the world to have one of the largest population with over 127 million people. Japan's capital Tokyo is one of the largest population cities in the world (The World Fastback 2015). Japan preserved cabana, calligraphy and tea ceremony as their representative traditional cultures. Travel in Japan is convenient due to their advanced infrastructures which include trains, buses, taxis, ferries and light rail. Japan's major cities are connected by high-speed Shakiness trains and it is known for their ‘bullet train'-a modern rail transit sign of Japan (Japan National Tourism Organization 2015).Mouthing (2000) stated that motivation is a state of need or a condition that moves a person toward some kind of acts which it is perceived that will bring fulfillment. When motivation applies to tourism, it means what reason that moves people undergo traveling. Tourist motivation have been put into two dimensions which are ‘pull' and â €˜push' factors and the concept is people travel because they are pushed by their internal forces and pulled by the destination attributes' external forces (Ref 2010).Richardson and Flukier stated that push factors are the forces that excite the demand for tourism activities by pushing people away from their usual place. Pull factors are the forces that emerge as a result of a destination's attractiveness that perceived by the tourists (Bologna & Usual 1996). 2. 0 Defining Socio-psychological Motivations Pull factors are cultural motivations and push factors are socio-psychological motivations (Crampon 1979). There are ten socio-psychological motivations that explained the desire of tourists to go on a vacation and these motivations have been identified by Ryan (1991) which are: 1.Escape – A wish for getting away from perceived environment and life that lack of interest or excitement. 2. Relaxation – A wish for recuperation and refreshment. . Play – travel fo r indulge in activities related with childhood. 4. Strengthening family bonds – traveling with family can improve family relationship. Working parents can also spend time with their children during holidays. 5. Prestige – The selection of destination for holiday is a declaration of lifestyle and it can be seen in terms of increase the social status. 6. Social interaction – Some people seem holidays as an essential social forum.They meet like-minded people with common interests in different destinations. Some of the holidays are designed for people that they are alone and helped them to become part of a group. 7. Romance -? The powerful influence in selecting a destination is the chance of meeting people for the purpose of romantic encounters which are free from the home's limitations. 8. Educational Opportunity – To learn something new is the phenomenon of tourism. Traveling gives people opportunity to learn about other people and places, to understand ot her viewpoints and cultures and to see new sights. 9.Self-fulfillment – Sometimes people will change their perspective and life after they return from their holiday. The journey has been as much self-discovery as discovery of the new people and place. 10. Wish-fulfillment – Holidays can life tourists' dreams which the dream may have maintained a long period of saving. 3. 0 Examples on how Socio-Psychological Motivations can be satisfied in Japan 3. 1 Socio-psychological Motivation : Escape – how can it be satisfied Escape from a routine environment and life that lack of interest or excitement is the main reason that motivates most of the people go travel.The mundane environment that people wants to escape may include the school, work or daily chores that full of stress and the environment which associated with pressure. According to Richardson & Flukier (2008), indulgent tourism is a arm of tourism which caters for the people who wants to escape and get away fro m it all. It is categorized by a search for name brands, luxury and glamour. It provides theme parks, casinos, themed hotels and glamour resorts. Nowadays, modern cruises are a technological marvel and it provides a highly alternative and variable form of holidays to tourists (Quaternion and Peter, 2003).Cruise itineraries is the most suitable to satisfy escape motivation as it provides a total escape, safe transportation to the destination, innovation on-board features, luxurious pampering service and Vegas style entertainment. The most common reasons that people select a cruise holiday are to be entertained and to be looked after in luxury (Cartridge and Braid 1999). Cruises can compete with land based theme parks, hotels and resorts as the size of cruises are become larger and it is able to support many activities such as gym, swimming pool, theatre, spa, golf course and casino (Weaver 2005).Canard's Queen Elizabeth is one of the famous cruise voyage providers and it consists of many on-board activities that built for pleasure ranging from fitness, spa, shopping, leisure, relaxation and galleries. Queen Elizabeth let tourists experience apart from other cruises y organizing dazzling affairs as Buccaneer Ball or Royal Ascot Ball in a setting as stunning as the Queens Ballroom (Canard Line 2015). 3. 1. 1 Commercial Example from Internet 3. 2 Socio-psychological Motivation #2: Relaxation – how can it be satisfied?Relaxation motivation is travel for recuperation and refreshment and it is related to escape motivation. It can be satisfied by choosing a destination that is contrary to the community or environment in which the people are living. Tourists may want to relax and run away from city-like environment which surrounded by technologies and buildings, congestion and noise from icicles and back-to-back meetings. Check-in at a hotel hot-spring is a typical way to relax when traveling to Japan. Takeaway Noun is one of the famous hot-spring hotels that lo cated in Gift.It features Tamil woven-straw flooring throughout and rooms with traditional Japanese designs. Takeaway Noun awarded Trepidation's Certificate of Excellence in 2014. The hotel provides a hearty homemade breakfast buffet, coos family baths and an open-air natural hot-spring bath in their rooftop. Visitors can enjoy the mountain views by using one of the family baths or unwind at the large public bath which consists of a sauna. The hotel's on-site beauty salon also provides the rejuvenating messages for visitors to relax from their stressful life (Lonely Planet 2015).The tourists' relaxation motivation can definitely be satisfied by experiencing the relaxing hot-spring service which provided by Takeaway Noun. 32. 1 Commercial Example from Internet 3. 3 Socio-psychological Motivation #3: Play -? how can it be satisfied? Having fun and indulge in activities that related with childhood can satisfied tourists' play motivation (Ryan 1 991 Tourists visit theme parks that can f ulfill their wish and satisfy their play motivation as tourists can having fun and turn into their carefree State of childhood when visiting theme parks.The purpose of theme parks is to entertain the visitors by conducting the attractions, stunts, animal shows, rides and these are the enjoyment of lot of people. According to Smith 201 2, theme parks are catered for children and adults that who want to return into their carefree state of childhood. The typical way to play when traveling to Japan is to visit the Tokyo Disneyland which is one of the top three most visited theme parks in the world and it is symbolized by the Cinderella Castle in its centerpiece. The park is divided onto seven themed lands and features seasonal parades and decorations.Tokyo Disneyland provides Splash Mountain, the ride that goes through 16 meter high water fall and 45 degree dive over it. Pooch's Hunky Hunt, the pots that ride the wind and bounce around. Tourist can see the gorgeous parades during daytim e and night-time (Tokyo Disney Resort 2015). 3. 3. 1 Commercial Example from Internet 3. 4 Socio-Psychological Motivation #4: Strengthening Family Bonds – how can it be satisfied? Home is where the heart is, families are the one who never leave you away (Branch 2012). Accompany and caring are the greatest gifts that parents give o their children as they grow into adults (Comfort Keepers 2014).The connection between parents and children is essential as children may face hard times such as sex, dating and some identity issues when they grow into adults and these issues will influence them to push their parents away. Thus, spending time to develop and maintain positive relationship with children is necessary and it will bring benefits through a strong relationship (Jumpier 2000). There is a good way on strengthening family bonds by visiting Mother Farm which is a popular destination located in the Kane-azans mountaintop. The Mother Farm has many facilities such as fields, animal farm and orchards.In Mother Farm, families can having fun with the animals include rabbits, sheep, ostriches, camels, ducks, cattle and pigs. It allows visitors to experience cow milking, Guiana pig and rabbit hugging, strawberry' and blueberry picking, ice-cream making and horse riding. Families can also participate the shows such as piggy race, Groomed sheep show and duck's parade. The farm has an amusement park and a nature observation park that allows visitors to see the seasonal flowers and experience the natural environment (Mother Farm 201 5) 3. 4. Commercial Example from Internet 3. 5 Socio-psychological Motivation prestige – how can it be satisfied?According to Examination (2008), having a social status is better than having a lot of money. The reason that people pursue prestige is to enhance their social status which is defined as the individual's position in the social hierarchy. Henries and White (2001 ) stated that social status can be result from the relative c apability of a person to confer benefits on others and it includes the mate value, coordinative relationship, knowledge and also material goods. The typical way to satisfied prestige motivation when revealing to Japan is to visit the Sharing which is a luxury accommodation in Majority.Majority is the main island of the Mimosa group and it has excellent beaches with long fingers of land point out into the sea. It surrounded by the exotic birds' songs and the clean wind which will enriched visitors' body and mind. The average price rate Of Sharing resort is RAMMER per night. The beautiful coral reefs, white beach and the blue sea spreading out like a private beach and it embraced the environment Beside the environment, Sharing is also renowned for their luxury facilities such as golf ours and hot spring. Their environment and facilities can definitely satisfy the tourists' prestige motivation. . 5. 1 Commercial Example from Internet 3. 6 Socio-psychological Motivation #6: Social Inter action – how can it be satisfied? Some people seem holidays as an essential social forum. Seeking social relationships and companionship is the purpose of motivate them to travel (Ryan & Gleeson 1998). They meet like-minded people with common interests by exploring the surroundings and countries. By traveling with the like-minded people, tourists are able to satisfy their social interaction titivation. Skiing is a common reason that motives people to travel in Japan.The mountain that blanked with deep snow making Japan becomes one of the best skiing grounds in the world. Noises is the most popular ski area in Japan and it located in Hookah. It consists of three main ski areas with world class treks which are Noises Inupiat, Noises Village and Noises Grand Hiram and these areas gain momentum on the world stage. Ski lovers from all over the world come to Noises to enjoy the vast Ski Slopes with Powder Snow, extreme winter sports, compete and share the knowledge with each other' s. Ski lessons are providing for every ski beginners and professionals. . 6. 1 Commercial Example from Internet 3. 7 Socio-Psychological Motivation #7: Romance – how can it be satisfied? Romance motivates some of the people travel for honeymoon in order to spice up the relationship with their lover. Traveling to a special and memorable place allows partners spending time together. Their relationship will improve through discussing the itineraries and exchanging their own opinions. The typical way to satisfied romance motivation when traveling to Japan is to visit the Tokyo Tower which is the major sightseeing spot and humbly of Tokyo.The special observatory at 250 meters and the main observatory at 1 50 meters enable visitors to experience a 360-degree Toss's panoramic view. Visitors can enjoy romantic time in the observation cafe at night by dazzling night view and drinking tea. Visitors can also see the Tokyo Tower's illumination that begins at sunset with their lover (Japa n National Tourism Organization 2015). 37. 1 Commercial Example from Internet 3. 8 Socio-Psychological Motivation #8: Educational Opportunity – how can it be satisfied? To learn something new is the phenomenon of tourism.Traveling gives people opportunity to learn about other people and places, to understand other viewpoints and cultures and to see new sights. The typical way to satisfied educational opportunity motivation when traveling to Japan is to visit the Goon Corner which is a unique theatre that located in Kyoto. It presents seven Soot's traditional performing arts in one hour show which are Tea ceremony, Cabana, Kenyon classical comedy, Gaga Imperial Court music, Kyoto and Kombi dance. It is popular among foreign tourists as the performances' explanations are provided in English and Japanese (Kodak 2013).Visitors can learn new things and understand the Soot's traditional cultural after watching the show. 3. 8. 1 Commercial Example from Internet 3. 9 Socio-psychologi cal Motivation #9: Self-Fulfillment – how can it be The progression of being more of who you already are is a result of self- fulfillment (Hartley & Harrison 2009). People have different dreams and goals that they want to achieve in their life and it is mostly developed when they are young. For Example, some of them want to be a singer, teacher and some of them want to be an athlete.When traveling to Japan, people who take martial arts as part of their life can visit the Tokyo Bedouin which is a genuine arena for martial arts. There are many Bedouin buildings in Japan as traditionally Bedouin is an arena for martial arts. Tokyo Bedouin is served as a palace that helps to spread and continue the time-honored Japanese traditional of martial arts. It IS a training facility for martial artists and always used for martial Tournaments. Visitors can look around the arena and see people practicing different types of martial arts include Judo, Kiddo, Keno and Karate.It is a must place to visit in order to understand the arts and satisfied the self-fulfillment motivation. . 9-1 Commercial Example from Internet 3. 10 Socio-psychological Motivation #10: Wish Fulfillment -? how can it be One of the most difficult motivations for people to satisfy is wish-fulfillment. Holidays can fulfill tourists' dreams which the dream may have maintained a long period of saving as the destination may be costly to travel. Southern islands of Japan have become a top choice for people who seek to expand their horizons while tropical locales tend to attract aficionados and novices alike.Most of the people seem Okinawa as a dream place to visit when traveling to Japan. Okinawa keeps attracting divers from all over the world u to its variety of sea animals, landscapes and coral reefs. It is an only place in Japan that can allow diving all year around. Okinawa extraordinary reefs consist of thousands of reef fish, a variety of unique Underbracing and different kind of sea animals. Visito rs can diving and experiencing the beautiful underwater world. Okinawa also offers seasonal specials which include Introit and Night Diver (Reef Encounter 2015). . 10. 1 Commercial Example from Internet 4. 0 Conclusion In conclusion, Japan is one of the most popular countries in Asia and it can satisfy the tourists' ten socio-psychological motivations with its different attractions and tours. However, play motivation can be satisfied easily in Japan but one of the most difficult motivations to satisfy in Japan and also other countries is prestige motivations. People have different requirement for destination and Japan should improve the prestige motivation factor in order to attract more tourists.

Nunal Sa Tubig Essay

1. Logline A story of a community living on Laguna de Bay where the main source of living is fishing and how the residents of this island is affected by progress, poverty, ignorance, neglect and the dark side of big businesses. 2. Protagonist One of the protagonists in the film is Mang Jacob. He was a war veteran who expresses grief over the changes in their island wherein the lake was getting polluted by nearby industries and many of the fish were dying. After looking back on how tranquil and serene their island was, he wishes that it could all come back. He condemns modern changes which cause more suffering than improvement in their island. 3. Obstacles The main struggle of the residents of the island is the fact that their livelihood was being highly affected by all the modern practices like the development of industries nearby. Though there were scenes that showed the island looking serene and static, behind that was the restlessness of the people and the contradictions of social realities that they were confronted with. The people in the island were struggling for a place and identity. 4. Theme The movie shows a contrasting theme of life and death, fertility and barrenness. It shows some ironies in life like the destruction of the environment being necessary to make way for progress or even contemporary changes resulting to more burden than improvement. 5. My take on the Film I personally can see the current state of our country with the situation of the people in the island in a sense that despite the efforts for improvement and modernization, a lot of things are taken for granted most especially our natural resources. Thus, making the movie socially relevant. On the technical side, the delivery of the film was interesting since the narrative was not told in a strictly linear way. Various scenes and occurrences were interspersed. Scenes of village life alternating with the events in the city made the film less boring and more attention-grabbing. Also, I like it that contrasts and ironies were frequently emphasize. Overall, the film was worth watching.

Prospectus Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Prospectus - Essay Example One of the most asked questions among several professional Historians is how the women gained the voting rights in 1893. Why didn’t they get the freedom rights in 1877 after putting all efforts pressurizing the then Colorado political rulers? Some Historians refer to the most popular theory â€Å"Myth of the Frontier† in explaining the concepts2. According to this theory, the Western women enjoyed their independence, freedom, and democracy to the maximum level during the 1870s, especially in the 1876. More reasons and answers came from certain individuals who asserted some of the Colorado Politicians granted and favored women suffrage in order to create for themselves a good image sin the political field. Another explanation or view is that the Colorado men never granted the women rights to vote such easily. They, however, fought political war; organized among themselves as suffragists with several goals, one of which the right to vote3. This argument tends to explain w hy these women never achieved gained the rights in 1877 despite their struggle. Colorado women remain in pride over the achievements of their early great grandmothers of the 19th century. The above three reasons explaining how the women achieved their independence can be discussed widely to give more and pithy explanations concerning the endlessly asked

Garbology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Garbology - Essay Example Personally, my refuse pinpoints my shopping trends, the types of food I consume, my budget and expenditure, what types of food I eat on a regular basis, the number of people involved, and my concern for the environment. Essentially, I think I am regular shopper but not to the extent of being termed shopaholic. Most of my daily refuse comprise of shopping bags that I get from the store every time I shop. In fact, for every discarded trash, there is a shopping bag. In this respect, I think I prefer shopping regularly than just shopping once or twice a week. This means that I do not shop in bulk, thus the every-now-and-then trashing of shopping refuse. Food consumption can tell so much about me. Over the observation period, most of my refuse comprised of ready-made food stuff. Raw kitchen refuse was minimal, while ready-made food remains were quite substantial. I think I prefer buying take-away food to actual cooking, an aspect that my garbage essentially reflects. With regard to budgeting and expenditure, I think I am a high-scale spender. My budget hardly conforms to my expenditure plan, and the reason is well seen in the junk-food trash that I discard. This also takes into account my personality and character because when I host my friends or family the garbage bin gets the best out of it. I think I make frequent trips to the garbage bin more than any other person around my residence. Having said that, I think am responsible and concerned about the environment. I do not handle my trash carelessly. I make sure that what needs to be recycled and what needs to be trashed goes into the right section. On the same note, I opt to support green programs whenever I shop; I do this in stores that offer such programs. In general, my refuse can tell what kind of a lifestyle I have. As it is the case so far, most of my garbage encompasses groceries shopping. Whilst I do not consider myself a spendthrift, I think I believe in enhancing

Readmission essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Readmission - Essay Example I had to undergo a lot of stress and due to this aspect, I had a double mind. I know now that I should have given priority to my studies and then to my girlfriend, but within the thick of things I just could not do what I should have carried out. I regret the inconvenience that it caused to the Purdue University but I am sure nothing of this sort will ever happen again, as I have realized the gravity of the mistake that I had committed. I have fortunately overcome the situation that I was engulfed within. Now I can concentrate whole-heartedly towards my studies and this is the single most significant reason why my academic record shall increase in the coming times. I am sure that I will improve on my record if I am given a chance to showcase my true skills and mettle. This is in line with my vision to set things right within my study realms. I have an undecided major within the university but I am certain that I shall take one up as soon as I am allotted the readmission that would put me in a better position to comprehend the study nuances. For this, I need to be within the university itself to decide which major would be deemed as the most significant one and where I shall achieve success in the coming times. As for now, I am still undecided because I need to learn on my own and acquire more skills because this will set the ball rolling for my career. Ever since I was dropped from the Purdue University, I have gained fresh insights. I have realized that education is the basis of every human success that is achieved in this day and age. I have also come to terms with the comprehension that I need to set my own house in order before delving into other zones. Also my priorities should be straight so that I could achieve what I direly need for myself. This is something that could be seen as a positive within my personality which has come about in the recent times. In the end, I would request the management at the

Trial of Galileo Galilei Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Trial of Galileo Galilei - Research Paper Example This theory ruled the ancient and medieval science for a very long time and it was hugely respected among all the scientists around the world. When Galileo introduced his theory and heliocentric approach, it was proposed that Earth does not occupy the central position in the solar system, rather sun is at the centre and all the other planets including Earth revolve around it. The observations made by Galileo through his own telescope revealed the scientific facts that initiated phenomenal criticism around the globe. He showed proof based on practical experience that Earth is not stationary, rather it revolves around the sun. Actually, Galileo was made liable to attend a trial in the court because his theory did not go in accordance with the traditionally and religiously accepted view. This paper is an effort to highlight and explain almost all the exposed and obscured facts related to this historical trial. Science was a sub field of religion in the medieval ages and therefore, any modification made in the scientific views directly caused offence to the religiously held views as well. In this way, science and religion had a direct relation in the medieval age and this was one of the major causes of causing the entire angry riot in regards to Galileo’s heliocentric theory. Religious concepts were highly respected and fiercely followed in the old days and Galileo’s modern scientific views seriously interfered with the religious views of then people. In fact, Galileo experienced a dual-trial since he was seriously warned in the first trial in which he was ordered not to show any tendency for publicly speaking about his scientific approach. In the second trial, he was punished by the court in terms of house arrest and ordered to stay at his home for the rest of his life. This trial raised such a pandemonium in the scientific and

Essay Question. Discuss Mertons five modes of adaptation and give an

Question. Discuss Mertons five modes of adaptation and give an example of each - Essay Example The acceptance or rejection in terms of cultural goals and institutionalized means is an important facet of understanding Merton’s five modes of adaptation. Merton believes that conformity is the most common kind of the five modes of adaptation. What happens during this mode is that people try to achieve success by employing traditional methodologies that are apparent (Merton 1985). Similarly Merton is of the view that the mode of innovation uses a small, yet substantial change with the perspective of the people while the mode is still in conformity but is in the process of tilting towards innovation. The third mode is ritualism where the deviant behavior rejects the attitude towards goals but believes staunchly within the attitude to means. Retreatism is the fourth mode of adaptation which rejects both attitudes towards goals and means while rebellion, being the last of the Merton’s five nodes seems to be in a fix regarding the rejection or acceptance of the attitudes towards cultural goals and institutionalized means. Merton’s paradigm of deviant behavior is one theory which dedicatedly believes on the premise of tying up the five modes which significantly outline the differences between the institutionalized means and the cultural goals (Merton 1942).

International Nutrition Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

International Nutrition - Essay Example There are a number of factors that lead to either a high or low entry of international companies in a country. First, a heavy tax system that is highly regulated is one of these factors. While many people hold the belief that strict tax laws require a review to allow for foreign investors, others argue that they are adequate to cater for the needs of the citizens of the state as well as protect the local companies. The reality is, however, not true. Because of strict laws in many countries, many companies find it difficult to start up business in these countries. However, the market is open to allow competition to take place. Trading in a free and fair market, International Nutrition Company enjoys the laws of competition. Its products perform well in such regions due to their high quality. Although priced higher than some of the local commodities, the market still highly regards quality feeds from International Nutrition. The reduction in the level of market regulations and internat ional tariffs by countries is a result of globalization. This has also contributed to the decrease in the level of market control. As countries increase the level of doing business with one another, the result is open markets free to compete with one another. For healthy competition to take place, many governments allow their markets to operate freely, offering companies freedom of entry into and exit from the country. This allows both local and international investors to battle out in the market arena with the products or services being the top of their priorities. In most countries in the African continent, regulation takes place at one level, i.e., the national government. Africa provides a number of fast growing markets for any company to invest in, and especially agricultural companies such as International Nutrition. In Africa, emerging markets such as Sub-Saharan Africa offer a great opportunity for the company to exploit. Countries such as Zimbabwe, Congo, Rwanda, Uganda and Kenya act as an investment destiny in Sub-Saharan Africa. In West Africa, countries such as Ghana and Nigeria are an example of the markets where the company has business and records increased growth. Nigeria relies mostly on its oil, while Ghana highly relies on agriculture. Increasingly though, the Nigerian government has encouraged

Short answers for questions ( no topic) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Short answers for questions ( no topic) - Essay Example Their similarity is they both value education but differ in what makes education valuable. In the case of Jensen, education is merely a step for getting a job while for Wallace, education s real purpose is to allow people to live real lives by being simply aware of things around them. 2. The walking journeys of Cheryl Strayed (â€Å"Wild†) and Andrew Forstaffle (in â€Å"Walking Across America: Advice for a Young Man†) are both epic travels in themselves and are not easily imitated because of the tremendous distances and challenges involved. But Strayed made her journey to redeem and find out herself after her mothers death while the journey made by Forstaffle (sometimes spelled as Forsthoefel) is to find out what Americans think of themselves and of the country in general, sort of a walking survey or questionnaire by interviewing people he met along the way, by listening to them. 3. In the case of Cheryl Strayed, the word â€Å"wild† meant both definitions as she was clear to be addicted to sex and having sex with strangers she met in the trail camps without even knowing them intimately (Wheeler para. 7) and â€Å"wild† for her also meant beyond normal or conventional bounds because she undertook that dangerous journey all by herself, knowing all the risks she is taking because it is a trail less traveled. But Robert Bly has a different meaning intended for the word â€Å"wild† which for him is to allow all men to be wild even at least once in their lives, especially during the critical transition period into adulthood as sort of a rite-of-passage into manhood valued by societies all over the world regardless of ethnicity, what is termed as a cultural universal. In his view, to be wild can be considered as a useful experience for a man, even moral itself. 4. Kenneth Koch in his poem â€Å"You want a social life, with friends† meant any person can have a lively social life and also a romantic social life but never attain any meaningful type of work output because

Analysis of the Economic Impact of the Major Social Problem of Poverty Assignment

Analysis of the Economic Impact of the Major Social Problem of Poverty - Assignment Example Indeed, the article vividly shows that the government of New York City must aid the residents in their desire to climb out of their current poverty debacle. Subject: Business Topic: Article Analysis Introduction In terms of discussing the model or economic theory that relates to the issue presented in the news article, the economic theory in focus is a supply and demand theory. As prices of goods and services increase, the demand for the products and services decrease. Likewise, as the prices of goods and services increase, the supply of the goods and services increase (Arnold, 2008). In terms of discussing what economic theory states and predicts about the issue presented in the news article, as the prices of goods and services increase, the poverty level people will reduce their demand for the higher priced products. On the other hand, as the prices of goods and services increase, the business entities are eager to supply more services and goods in order to generate more profits (B oyes, 2010). Analysis of the Economic Impact of the Major Social Problem of Poverty The April 12, 2012 issue of the New York Times article is reflection on poverty. The title of the article is New York City’s Poverty Rate Rises, Study Finds (Roberts, 2012). The paper shows strong evidence there has been an increasing number of New York residents joining the ranks of the poor over the last years. The number of New York City residents has literally increased by 100,000 individuals. With the increase, the poverty ratio soared by as much as 1.3 percent. The new poverty rate is 21 percent. The percent indicates that one out of every five New York residents qualifies as poor. The article further states that New York has one of the highest poverty levels in the U.S. Once New York has implemented a more detailed description which defines who can be classified as a poor individual, current New York City’s statistics of the poor has the largest annual rise in poverty ratio. As J an Windebank emphasized, â€Å"Throughout the advanced economies, the widespread consensus is that employment is the best route out of poverty. Not only are the approaches of both the Old Left and New Right grounded in such a belief, but so too is the employment-focused third way approach of New Labor. In this book, however, our intention is to begin to explain why an alternative third way discourse has started to emerge that rejects an employment-centered approach to poverty alleviation† (Windebank, 2003). The current recession, which started in 2008, is blamed as the major culprit for the ballooning of the poor individuals in New York City. The recession brought a lot of the United States companies into the unfavorable quagmire of bankruptcy. With bankruptcy enveloping some of the companies in the United States skies, those that cannot innovate are forced to close shops. With the closing of the shops, many employees are retrenched. With the loss of their jobs, the retrenche d employees could not afford to retain their previous lifestyle. The retrenched employees had to join the long line of New Yorkers waiting for their turn to grab a set of food coupons. With the slowing of the United States economic wheel into a snail’s pace, statistics showed that one out of every four New York residents, under the age of 18 years, joined the poor of New York, the city that never sleeps. New York City’s Center for Economic Opportunity reported the latest poverty report. Likewise, the 2008 U.S. Economic crisis is

Feudalism and Manorialism Essay Example for Free

Feudalism and Manorialism Essay Feudalism and manorialism were very linked. They go together step by step in the Middle Ages. Feudalism concerned the rights, power, and lifestyle of the military elite: manorialism involved the service and obligations of the peasant classes. Word feudalism was invented in the 17 century by Montesquieu and popularized it in The Spirit of the Laws (1748). In the late eighteenth century people said that feudalism is the privileges of the aristocratic nobility, privileges that provoked the wrath of the bourgeoisie ((McKay, A History of Western Society 259). Later Karl Marx adopted it to other meaning. He thought that feudalism was precapitalistic society. Now people think that feudalism was social and political system held together by bonds of kingship, homage, and fealty and by grants of benefits lands or estates given by king, lay lord, or ecclesiastical officer (bishop or abbot) to another member of the nobility or to a knight. (McKay, A History of Western Society 270.) However it arent all meanings of feudalism. Bloch thought that it is a whole system of life centered on lordship. Feudalism was a military society. Men dominated in it. However women was not so significant. Feudalism had military society. Manorialism involved the service and obligation of the peasant classes. The economic power of the warring class rested on landed estates, which were worked by peasants (McKay, A History of Western Society 261). Here we can say that feudalism and manorialism is connected to each other. Nothing in our world is made for nothing. People need something to return for their service. In manorialism was the same. Peasants needed protection, and lords asked them to surrender themselves and their lands to the lords jurisdiction. Peasants were ties to the land by various kinds of payments and service, despite of freedom of land. The peasant had to pay fee to marry someone from outside. They had to give percent of their crop to the lords. They also paid fine. Soon peasants became part of lords possession. Of course the transition from freedom to serfdom was slow and its speed was closely related to the political life in a given part of country. Hence feudalism and manorialism were inextricably linked.

Parallels between Scottsboro and Maycomb Essay Example for Free

Parallels between Scottsboro and Maycomb Essay To Kill a Mockingbird, a classic novel written by Harper Lee, is focused on racism that takes place in Maycomb, Alabama during the 1930s, where African Americans were segregated by white men. Harper Lee said that the Scottsboro trial, which was a trial that started because of discrimination, inspired her on writing To Kill a Mockingbird. Despite the differences between the Scottsboro Boys and To Kill a Mockingbird, both of them had an impact on the racial implications and laws of the south. The Scottsboro Trials was a sad tragedy that took place in Alabama during the 1930s. While nine black youth, ages from 13 to 21, were on a train heading to Memphis, Tennessee to find a job, a fight between the nine black youths and a group of white men started. After the white men were kicked out of the train, they reported what had happened to a stationmaster, and the station master stopped the train at a town called Paint Rock. After the train stopped, a group of policed jumped on the train and arrested the nine black youths. When they are caught on the train, two white women, dressed in men’s clothes, were found hiding on the train. Then the two white women accused the nine black youths raping them without any evidence. Because raping in 1930s in the Deep South was a big crime, so many trials started. At the end, every one of the Scottsboro Boys were sentenced to death except for the youngest one, Roy Wright, who was 13 years old. The reason why the jurors did not sentence him to death is because of his age. Although he was not sentenced to death, he was still sentenced for spending his life time in jail (The Scottsboro Case (1931)) (Lanset). Maycomb, Alabama is the main setting that the book, To Kill a Mockingbird, took place. Maycomb and the Scottsboro Trials are similar because they both relate to the discrimination between African Americans and white men. It was Tom Robinson, who was accused of rape by a white woman, just as the Scottsboro Boys was, and he was sentenced guilty by all-white juries even though he did nothing wrong. Although he wasn’t sentenced to death, he was still killed by jail guards who shot seventeen bullets at him just because he tried to escape. To Kill a Mockingbird and the Scottsboro Boys are similar because Harper Lee based her story on the Scottsboro Trials. The first case took place during April 1931, and it was taken to the juries around three pm. For less than two hours, the juries announced the verdict, death penalty; after the crows outside heard it, they yelled of approval. Also, the juries also warned people who were in the courthouse that there must be no demonstration staged after the verdict, so the people in the courtroom just applauded, while people outside cheered wildly. The second trial that was held on April 8th, for eighteen-year-old Haywood Patterson. Then the jury announced a verdict of death penalty within three hours. The third case was tried with five boys; Olin Montgomery, who was seventeen and nearly blind, Andy Wright (18 years old), Eugene Williams (17 years old), Willie Robeson (17 years old), and Ozie Powell, who was 16 years old. During this trial, Willie RObeson was suffering from a bad venereal disease, so it was pretty much impossible to rape somebody with that disease. However, the case went to the jury at four pm, and next morning, the verdict was still a death penalty. During the trials, Governor Benjamin Miller even sent the Alabama National Guard to Scottsboro to prevent a death sentence, but at the end, eight of the Scottsboro Boys were still sentenced to death, except for the youngest one, Roy Wright. Although Roy Wright wasn’t sentenced to death, he was still sentenced to be in jail for his whole life (Linder) (Salter). All the trials of Scottsboro started pretty much because of discrimination. On June 22, 1933, Jude James Horton was convinced that Victoria Price was lying because all her stories were inconsistent; also, she had no witnesses and medical evidences for her claims too. Another person, Dr. Lynch, who asked to talk to Horton privately, said that the girls were lying too. As a result, Judge Horton took his verdict of death penalty back, and announced that there will be a new trial. Attorney General Knight also promised that there would be evidences for Victoria Price’s rape story; Orville Gilley, a white boy on the train agreed to testify for the prosecution. William Callahan, a judge whose age is about 75, was going to participate in Haywood Patterson’s next trial on November 1933. During the trial, Judge Callahan cut off all the questions about Victoria Price’s chastity, character, and reputation. Also, when Leibowtiz queried Price about her probability of having sex with someone other than a Scottsboro Boy, Judge Callahan stopped him. He did these because he wanted to debunk this event off the American’s newspaper. Similarly to the Scottsboro trials, Tom Robinson’s trial in To Kill a Mockingbird also started because of discrimination. Mayella wanted to protect her dad, so she accused Tom, an African American, of raping her. She accused a black guy because she knew that in a fight, white men always win (Linder). The Scottsboro Trials incident had impacted the community’s racial climate and the ideologies during the 1930s. Firstly, it had forced the country to look back to their racial practices although white men disliked black men. Secondly, the African Americans changed from republicans to democratic community. Thirdly, the Scottsboro Trials made black men realize how badly the white men were treating them. For example, racial practices and how they were looked upon by law. Lastly, it also changed the way the legal system of the United States is viewed. Because of the Scottsboro Boys, the African Americans learned to fight for their rights†¦ (Ross) (Scottsboro Boys Hist2081) The discrimination between African Americans and white men was the reason why the Scottsboro Trials and the trial in To Kill a Mocking happened. Although black men lost in their trials, they later realize their power, and started to fight for their rights. The Scottsboro Trial is an event that impacted the whole world, especially America, making them realize several things they had done wrong, and to never repeat it again.

The Internationalization Of Higher Education Education Essay

The Internationalization Of Higher Education Education Essay This study on the internationalization of higher education pursues this objective. Provide a brief overview of the nature and development of internationalization in the higher education system. This will shed light on relevant concepts and strategies from a global, European and domestic perspective and provide background information for an in-depth analysis of the objectives and organizational measures of studies for foreigners in United States and studies abroad for American students. Results of the Study The following overview will give the reader a brief summary of the results of the survey. Internationalization Strategies Internationalization of higher education is guided by the ideals of academic universality, the humanitarian objectives of social developmental aid work abroad, and the incentives of securing economic productivity at home. In the age of globalization, international mobility is increasingly used to boost USAs competitiveness as a place to study. The market orientation of internationalization and the social dimension of international student mobility are two conflicting aspects of higher education that require corrective policies to bring them into balance. United States continuous attractiveness as a place to study has to go hand in hand with reforms of the structure of higher education studies and measures to improve the general social conditions of students. The market orientation of studies for foreigners involves targeting specific groups of students. SUMMARY As the number of high school graduates in the United States levels off, the competition for international students is getting fiercer as universities attempt to meet their enrollment goals. U.S. universities however are not competing only with each other, but institutions from other countries as well. Rapidly increasing numbers of students in foreign countries have boosted international mobility, resulting in 2.7 million students who study abroad every year. The main countries of origin for foreign students are China, India and South Korea. Industrial countries are the destination of these mobile students. Data shows that the U.S. currently has the largest share of international students worldwide; In terms of absolute numbers, the USA is the worlds leading host country. Mobile foreign students represent 3.7% of the total student population in the USA. However this market share is decreasing due to increased competition from other countries and a perception that international students are not wanted in the U.S. after more stringent visa policies were instituted in response to the terrorist attacks on September 11, 2001 making it much harder to obtain a student visa. Having more international students enrolled in U.S. universities benefits both the universities and the U.S. government, hence there must be a more coordinated effort between the two in order for the U.S. to recoup its lost market share and maintain its rank as the top destination country for international students. In this paper I will attempt to show that the current U.S. policy of attracting international students to this country cannot sustain the demand of U.S. universities, nor effectively compete with the policies and efforts of other countries; instead international education, including curricular integration, study abroad and student exchange must be central to a new, USA High Education System Strategic Planning for the 21st century. As a result of this national strategy, the students will need to work successfully and comfortably in multiple cultural contexts with people who hold values and viewpoints which vary significantly; Students will be the future leaders and educators in an environment which increasingly requires an international perspective; What exactly is the Internationalization of higher education? Internationalization has become an important issue in the development of higher education. Sven Groennings (1987) describes it as one of the most powerful substantive development in the history of American higher education (p/2). It is perceived as one of the laws of motion propelling institutions of higher learning (Kerr 1990, 5); as a major theme for the next decade (Davies 1997, 83); and as one of the most important trends of the last decade (Teichler 1999, 6), if not of the past half century (Altbach 2000c, 2) De Wit (2002) uses three terms to highlight the complexity of defining internationalisation, namely international dimension, international education and internationalisation of higher education, each referring to a specific phase of the development. He uses three interrelated arguments in which (i) he sees the international dimension of higher education, prior to the 20th century as more incidental, than organised; (ii) states that this international dimension as an organised activity, referred to in general by the term international education, is a product of the 20th century introduced first mainly in the United States for reasons of foreign policy and national security. (iii)The third argument is that around the end of the Cold War, this international dimension evolved into strategic processes, referred to as the internationalisation of higher education and became increasingly linked to globalisation and regionalisation of our societies and the impact of this on higher education. He further argues that with the development of globalisation, the international dimension will evolve into an integrated element of higher education and move away from its present position as an isolated set of activities, strategies and processes. This is manifested in a shift in emphasis from more traditional forms of international education to strategies that are more directly related to the core functions of the university, and in a shift in emphasis from political to economic rationales. The implications of these shifts are the increasing importance of quality assessment of internationalisation strategies, the emergence of English as the common language of higher education, the increasing relevance of international networks and strategic alliance, and the gradual acceptance of the internationalisation of higher education as an area of research. De Wit points out the need to relate the internationalisation of higher education in todays world to the general roots of the university, and to place the present developments in historical perspective. His work (2002) makes a useful contribution to the unfolding of this phenomenon in the European and American higher education systems. Another study (De Wit et al., 2005) examined the internationalisation of higher education in the Latin American context. Related issues and concepts It is interesting to take a look at the third Global Survey Report on Internationalization of Higher Education, which was recently released by (IAU 2009).   This comprehensive survey is the largest of its kind worldwide, and includes responses from 745 institutions in 115 countries. For purposes of analysis, the results were clustered in the following regions: Africa, Asia-Pacific, Europe, Latin America and the Caribbean, Middle East, and North America (the U.S. and Canada). Even though the survey is on its third edition, it still has limitations which fortunately are acknowledged and explained in the document. According to this survey, the top five reasons for internationalizing an institution are, in order of importance, to improve student preparedness; internationalize the curriculum; enhance the international profile of the institution; strengthen research and knowledge production; and diversify its faculty and staff. However, when the information is analyzed by regions, interesting variations are found. For instance, both North America and Latin America give much more importance to international preparedness of students than Europe. Interestingly, institutions in Africa consider as the more important internationalization rationale, to strengthen research and knowledge production. The Middle East gives the highest importance equally to improving student preparedness and also strengthening research. Results suggest also that institutions in North America are not bothered with the notion of increasing their international profile.   For them, this is placed at a distant fourth level of importance in comparison with, for instance, Europe where it is the second most important rationale. I wonder if this can be explained by some degree of insularity, or a somewhat egocentric perspective of the regions status in the world of higher education. Surprisingly, all regions gave an extremely low importance to internationalizing the campus with the idea of diversifying sources of income or in response to public policies. When asked about the most important benefits of internationalization, the top three reasons at the global level listed in order of relevance were: increasing international awareness of students; strengthening research and knowledge production; and fostering international cooperation and solidarity. The only significant difference in this otherwise very consistent pattern was offered in the IAU Survey by institutions in North America for which international cooperation and solidarity was not considered as beneficial as it was in the rest of the regions. This factor placed a worrying 5th in North America Another puzzling finding of the survey has to do with to which geographic region higher-education institutions are turning their eyes for their internationalization work. The aggregate results show that no major shifts have happened in the last five years. And the winner is à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Europe! (Asia-Pacific region was placed second.) The bronze medal goes to North America. Nevertheless, the analysis by region should be a matter of concern for policymakers in some parts of the world. For instance, in the Asia-Pacific region the first geographic priority for the internationalization policy in the majority of their institutions is Asia-Pacific, followed by Europe. For European institutions the first priority is placed on Europe itself and the second one on Asia-Pacific. For North America the first priority is Asia-Pacific, followed by Europe. Latin America and the Middle East consider Europe as the key regional priority. Sadly, the only region considering Africa as the principal pr iority is precisely Africa, but aside from that, none of the regions even consider Africa as a second or third priority. THE FIELD OF INTERNATIONAL EDUCATION International education has a somewhat unusual position in higher education. While recognized as an important sphere of activity, it tends to be handled by administrative offices at the top of departments of languages and literature and international affairs. The scholars involved in international education usually have their primary involvement in other teaching and research. This leads to four distinctive characteristics particular to the field of international education: 1. There is little consensus concerning the guiding theme of the field as well as its scope. Should the field stress internationalization, transnationalization, or globalization (Barrows, 2000; Committee for Transnational Competence, 2000; Hilary, 2000) 2. International education is not a prominent feature of the contemporary higher education experience. Using enrollment in foreign languages as an indicator, 16 percent of all U.S. college students were enrolled in foreign languages in the peak period of the 1960s; the proportion is currently down to 8 percent (Hayward, 2000, p. 6). 3. There is imbalance in regional coverage. The regions and languages covered at a particular institution are a function of idiosyncratic patterns of faculty recruitment. Nationally, there is reasonable coverage of Western Europe and Latin America and most European languages compared to limited coverage of Africa and the Middle East. For students enrolled in foreign languages, Spanish is the most popular followed by the other major languages of Western Europe; 6 percent enroll in Asian languages. Languages of the Middle East make up only 2 percent (1.3 being Hebrew and .5 percent Arabic). The languages of Africa constitute only 0.15 percent of enrollments. 4. Because international education is not a primary concern of most scholars in the field, research is somewhat sporadic, non-cumulative, and tends to be carried out by national organizations as part of advocacy projects (e.g. Lambert, 1989; Brecht and Rivers, 2000). The most recent example is the American Council of Educations (ACEs) Internationalization of Higher Education: A Status Report. (Hayward, 2000). Historical data Following the events of September 11, the total number of international students studying in the United States leveled off and even dropped slightly after 2002, though enrollment numbers have recently rebounded. (See fig. 1.) According to the Institute of International Education (IIE), the decline in the number of international students attending U.S. higher education institutions between 2003 and 2006 was the first drop in over 30 years. While the United States continues to be the leading destination for international students, the U.S. share of international students worldwide dropped-from 26 to 20 percent between 2000 and 2008.  [1]  (See fig. 2.) According to the Pew Global Attitudes Project, since 2002 the United States image has declined in both the Muslim world and among many of Americas oldest allies. In the wake of September 11, the United States also tightened its immigration policy and made it more difficult for foreign nationals, including international students, to a pply for a visa. As we previously reported, these changes, made to help protect our nations security interests, may have contributed to our declining share of international students and the perception that the United States was an unwelcoming place for international students. (GAO 2007) The U.S. government seeks to improve global attitudes toward America through diplomatic and development assistance efforts, which include funding higher education for international students in the United States. (GAO, 2008) Nine weeks after September 11, 2001, President George W. Bush said (Bush, 2001): We must also reaffirm our commitment to promote educational opportunities that enable American students to study abroad, and to encourage international students to take part in our educational system. By studying foreign cultures and languages and living abroad, we gain a better understanding of the many similarities that we share, and learn to respect our differences. The relationships that are formed between individuals from different countries, as part of international education programs and exchanges, can also foster goodwill that develops into vibrant, mutually beneficial partnerships among nations. Americas leadership and national security rest on our commitment to educate and prepare our youth for active engagement in the international community. On February 27, 2002, Secretary of State Colin Powell reaffirmed the State Departments support for foreign students: The Departments policy on student visas is based on the democratic values of an open society and the perception that foreign students make an important contribution to our nations intellectual and academic climate, as well as to our nations economy. We must continue to nurture these vital relationships even as we improve the security of our borders. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ American values, including democracy, economic freedom, and individual rights, draw students from many nations. As these students and scholars from other countries gain from our society and academic institutions, they also serve as resources for our campuses and communities, helping our citizens to develop the international understanding needed to strengthen our long-term national security and enhance our economic competitiveness. The professional partnerships and lifelong friendships that are created through international education are important for a secure, prosperous future, not only for our own country but also for th e world as a whole. The New York Times, in a September 24, 2002, editorial, suggested that our efforts to spread our influence and understanding of our culture should be stepped up, not abandoned. Cautioning that government policies must not impede legitimate exchange, the editorial said, Higher education is one of the best methods we have of spreading the word about who we are and of exposing our citizens to non-Americans. Bringing foreign students onto our campuses is among the best favors we can do ourselves. While the federal government provides funds for the education for international students to achieve public diplomacy and development objectives, the vast majority of students who come to the United States to study do not receive funding from the U.S. government. According to the Institute of International Educations Open Doors 2008 report, 623,805 students came to the United States to study during the 2007-2008 academic year and nearly 9 out of 10 international students reported their primary source of funding for education as coming from either personal and family sources or from their host college or university in the United States. Who are the main players in the international market for students? In order to have a genuine perspective on the reality of the competitors that the U.S higher education institutions face, it is useful to have a look at what the international outlook has in store. According to the Institute of International Education, the number of international students in U.S. higher education institutions has increased in most years since 1955. According to IIEs Open Doors 2002, the authoritative source of data on international student enrollment for academic year 2001-2002, This years 6.4 percent increase in international student enrollment in U.S. colleges and universities equals last years increase, which was the largest increase in the past 20 years. This continues a trend of substantial growth in foreign student enrollments that began in 1997, after a four-year period of minimal growth. It is quite evident that although the absolute numbers are increasing, U.S. market share is decreasing. According to IIE, the U.S. share of internationally mobile students-the proportion of all international students who select the United States for study-declined by almost ten percent from 1982 to 1995, the last year that IIE did the calculation (39.2 to 30.2 percent). In itself, that is not an alarming statistic. U.S. market share is still healthy, and the argument could be made that our nearly 40 percent market share was unsustainable. It is what lies behind that statistic that is alarming. Merely the existence of fiercer competition is not the only reason for the declination of U.S. market share. at least two other factor can be noted. First, it is reflects aggressive recruitment efforts by the competitors of the USA-the usual suspects, United Kingdom, Australia, Germany and more recently China and others-who have determined that they want to reap more of the foreign policy, economic, and educational benefits those international students bring. Combined with the distinctive absence of such a conclusion on the part of the United States, which apparently assumes that international students will always come because they always have such complacency risks the loss of this countrys leadership in international education, with the accompanying negative ramifications for our security, foreign policy, and economy. Second, the declination U.S. market share does not appear to reflect any decline in international demand for U.S. higher education. Demand is still strong. The problem is access. While competing nations seek to remove disincentives to study in their countries, U.S. policy ignores-and sometimes exacerbates-the disincentives to study here. The problem lies not in the internationally popular product, nor in the highly motivated customer, but rather in market imperfections that keep the two from finding each other. Those imperfections are all subject to the control or the influence of American public officials. If they continue to ignore these factors, the market share that the American high education currently enjoys, will continue to be eroded out to the competition. Ultimately, whats wrong with this picture is the absence of a strategy to sustain the number of foreign students coming to the USA. For a generation after World War II, the United States had a strategy of promoting international student exchange as a means of waging the Cold War and promoting international peace. But now more than ever, the U.S. government seems to lack overall strategic sense of why exchange is important-and, therefore, of what U.S. interests are at risk by not continuing to foster exchanges. In this strategic vacuum, At the most basic-and encouraging-level, the problem is not one of weakness. The United States has every resource it needs to be successful in attracting international students-and, indeed, has been successful at it. The United States has more higher education capacity than our major competitors combined, the high quality of U.S. higher education is universally recognized, and the United States is a magnet for many throughout the world. The problem is not how to make the United States and its higher education system more attractive, but how to make them more accessible. A strategic plan is needed to address them. The principal barriers to access are: (1) The absence of a proactive, coordinated effort to recruit international students; (2) Burdensome U.S. government regulations, which often effectively cancel out recruitment efforts. (3) The cost of U.S. higher education, (4) The complexity of American higher education system. All of important powers have historically used education for international students as a tool to advance diplomatic, development, economic, and other objectives, often simultaneously. In the survey of GOA 2009 titled HIGHER EDUCATION Approaches to Attract and Fund International Students in the United States and Abroad (GOA 2009), the approaches of several countries have been analyzed. For example, Australian officials said that international higher education helps Australia achieve economic goals. Education was Australias third largest export and contributed $15.5 billion in Australian dollars (about $13 billion in U.S. dollars) to its economy in 2008. International students also help Australia meet its foreign relations and diplomatic goals. According to Chinese officials, providing international educational opportunities to foreign students is part of their strategy for promoting cultural, scientific, and technological exchanges between the East and the West. China develops exchanges with other countries in the fields of education, science, and technology to strengthen friendship and understanding between the Chinese people and people around the world and to promote modernization in China. China reported that its collaboration with foreign universities and educational institutions helps to develop an exchange network that allows it to send the best students to study in the best universities under the supervision of the best advisers, mutually benefiting institutions and countries. Officials from Germanys national agency that supports international education, stated in the GOA report that international students help Germany advance several goals, including increasing the international appeal of German universities and promoting the academic, economic, and democratic development of developing countries. German officials said that their ability to advance several goals simultaneously is an important strength of international education. For example, international students studying in science and technology help advance German research and innovation goals while also advancing public diplomacy goals by returning to their home countries as unofficial ambassadors for Germany. Officials in the United Kingdom (UK) reported that international education contributes to building a high-skilled workforce, helps build relationships with people from around the world, enhances understanding about each others cultures, and opens doors to trade, investment, and political influence. The European Union (EU) also seeks to advance several international education goals, including promoting intercultural understanding through cooperation with non-European countries as well as ensuring that education and training are accessible to the global community. To promote their higher education systems internationally, countries like the United Kingdom, Germany, and Australia have developed broad marketing strategies with a focus on outreach to international students. These marketing strategies include developing a national brand through the use of logos and slogans to promote higher education systems among international communities, much as a corporation would promote a commercial brand, as shown in figure 3. The financial outlook. Internationalization of higher education is good business for the U.S. economy. While this is not in the most important reason for reaching out to such students, it is nevertheless one the basic driving force leading competitor countries to adopt proactive strategies for attracting them. NAFSA (Association of International Educators) estimates that international students and their dependents spent nearly $18.78 billion in the U.S. economy in the 2009-2010 academic year, which makes international education a significant U.S. service-sector export. (NAFSA 2003) This economic benefit is shared by schools, communities, states, and the U.S. economy as a whole. According to the Institute of International Education, more than 70 percent of undergraduate international students pay full tuition and receive no financial aid, thus allowing schools to offer more financial assistance to American students. The Statistical Analysis of The Economic Benefits of International Education to the United States for the 2007-20010 Academic Years estimates that foreign students and their dependents contributed approximately $15.54 billion to the U.S. economy during the 2007-2008 academic year; approximately $17.6 billion to the U.S. economy during the 2008-2009 academic year; And approximately $18.78 billion to the U.S. economy during the 2009-2010 academic year. Every higher education institution has more or less received ample financial benefits. For example at New Yorks Columbia University, international students accounted for 21 percent, or about 7,000, of the student body in the 2008-2009 school year. These students funneled almost $250 million to Columbia in tuition and living expenses, according to a report by its international student office. (Laya 2010). At South Florida University for example in-state U.S. citizens pursuing undergraduate studies pay $5,100 in tuition annually, out-of-state students; including those from foreign countries, pay about $15,900, more than three times as much. (Fischer 2010. Chronicle of Higher Education) For schools like South Florida, increasing the number of international students also means increased revenue. But this is not the only benefit that international students bring. United States has relied on undergraduate and graduate students from other countries as important sources of innovation and productivity in our increasingly knowledge-based economy. Such students who remain in the country after completing their studies have brought needed research and workforce skills and strengthened our labor force. For example, international students have earned about one-third or more of the degrees at both the masters and doctoral levels in engineering, math and computer science, and the physical sciences. Bill Gates, founder of Microsoft, says U.S. visa curbs on immigrants with special skills in science, math or technology must be overhauled.If we dont, American companies simply will not have the talent to innovate and compete, Gates said in testimony to the House Committee on Science and Technology on March 12, 2008. (Laya 2010). In addition, U.S.-educated students take home preferences for Am erican products, and business students in particular take home an education in U.S. business practices. By any measure, international education makes a significant contribution to the U.S. economy. Is there a correlation between the role nations to play in the international scene and the internationalization of their universities? Our ability to relate to and interact with those whose cultural backgrounds differ from our own will be among the determining factors for the future of our societies. For most people, regardless of whether they aim for international careers or life in their local communities, intercultural dialogue will become a fact of life rather than an option. Education will need to play a key role in developing the ability to conduct intercultural dialogue, which is an integral part of developing democratic culture. A panel of leading experts in national security, higher education, and foreign policy made a strong case for the need to place international education at the heart of Americas public diplomacy efforts, at a policy forum November 16, 2006. The speakers were Dr. Joseph S. Nye, Distinguished Service Professor at the Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University; Ambassador Cresencio Arcos, Director of International Affairs at the U.S. Department of Homeland Security; Sanford J. Ungar, President of Goucher College; and the Honorable Jim Kolbe, United States Congressman (R-Ariz.). (NAFSA 2005) Joseph Nye stated that the presence of foreign students in American universities is a tremendous resource for American soft power.'   He told a story about the influence of educational exchanges on reform and dissident elements in the Soviet Union during the Cold War, and noted that while hard power is necessary, it is [also] essential to get our story out, and the best way to [do that] in terms of winning hearts and minds, the best emissaries are really people who have been [to] American universities and return home. Nye acknowledged improvement in the visa process but said we have quite a long way to go to ensure that we keep the doors open and remain an attractive destination for international students. Goucher College President Sanford J. Ungar focused his remarks on the importance of promoting study abroad among American college students. Goucher recently instituted a new policy that requires all of its students to study abroad before graduation. (à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦) Ungar stressed that the international education of todays students must be an urgent matter of public policy and an important component of public diplomacy. Representative Jim Kolbe (R-Ariz.), the final panelist, (à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦) spoke specifically about his efforts and those of Congressman Jim Oberstar (D-Minn.) to urge the establishment of an international education policy for the United States, most recently through their introduction of House Concurrent Resolution 100.   Tying together the comments of the other panelists, Kolbe said: We cant lead in a world that the American people dont understandà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦We cant have a successful foreign policy with out internationally educated and aware citizens who support that foreign policy and who understand, relate and interact with the people of all countries that we are engaged with. Andà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ a successful foreign policy depends on our being able to educate future leaders from around the world about our way of life, our system of government, our culture, our political sy

Ralph Waldo Emerson :: essays research papers

As one of the most important authors in American history, Ralph Waldo Emerson is well known as the prominent as the leader of the transcendentalism movement. Also a distinguished American essayist and poet, Emerson was the first distinctively American author to influence European thought. Emerson was born in Boston, Massachusetts on May 25, 1803. Seven of his ancestors were ministers, and his father, William Emerson, was minister of the First Church (Unitarian) of Boston. Emerson graduated from Harvard University at the age of 18 and for the next three years taught school in Boston. In 1825 he entered Harvard Divinity School and in 1826 was â€Å"approbated to preach† by the Middlesex Association of Ministers. Despite ill health, he delivered occasional sermons in churches of the Boston area. In 1829 he became minister of the Second Church (Unitarian) of Boston. In that same year he married Ellen Tucker, who died 17 months later. In 1832 Emerson resigned from his pastoral appointment after declaring that he had ceased to regard the Lord's Supper as a permanent sacrament and could not continue to administer it. On Christmas Day, 1832, he left the U.S. for a tour of Europe and stayed for some time in England, where he made the acquaintance of such literary notabl es as Walter Savage Landor, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, Thomas Carlyle, and William Wordsworth. His meeting with Carlyle was the beginning of a lifelong friendship. On his return in 1833, Emerson settled in Concord, Massachusetts, and became active as a lecturer in Boston. His addresses, on such subjects as â€Å"The Philosophy of History,† â€Å"Human Culture,† â€Å"Human Life,† and â€Å"The Present Age,† were based on material in his Journals (published posthumously, 1909-14), a collection of observations and notes that he had begun while a student at Harvard. His most detailed statement of belief was reserved for his first published book, Nature (1836), which appeared anonymously, but was soon correctly attributed to him. The volume received little notice, but it has come to be regarded as Emerson's most original and significant work, offering the essence of his philosophy of transcendentalism. This idealist doctrine opposed the popular materialist and Calvinist views of life and at the same time voiced a plea for freedom of the individual from artificial restraints. The next year Emerson applied these ideas to cultural and intellectual problems in his lecture â€Å"The American Scholar,† delivered before the Phi Beta Kappa

Neck Guards In Hockey Essay -- Sports Safety hockey

OUTLINE Thesis: Although most hockey athletes believe that by wearing required equipment keeps them safe from injury, however I believe that these regulations should be stricter because of the severity of recent and past injuries. Introduction: Are equipment regulations enough to keep our hockey athletes safe? I. Injuries a. Richard Zednik b. Clint Malarchuk c. Bill Masterton II. History of Equipment a. Pre 1950 b. 1960-1970 c. 1970-1980 d. 1980-1990 e. 1990-2000 III. Current Equipment regulations a. Neck Guards b. Helmets c. Goalie masks IV. Neck Guard Debate a. Pros b. Cons Conclusions: Will it take a death to make NHL officials change there minds on the policies regarding neck guards like they did with helmets after the death of Bill Masterton. Are current equipment regulations enough to keep our hockey athletes safe? I ask this after the life threatening injury that recently occurred here in Buffalo. However this isn’t the first time that the NHL (National Hockey League) has seen injuries of this magnitude. What were these injuries? How did they affect the NHL rules? What kind of rules are in place today? What is the NHL doing about neck guards? These questions and more will be answered as we take a look into NHL injuries, the history of equipment regulations, current equipment regulations, and the debate over neck guards. It was Sunday, February 10, 2008 here in Buffalo at the HSBC Arena. The Buffalo Sabres were playing the Florida Panthers. Thousands of spectators cheered as Buffalo took a 4-3 lead. The puck flew down the ice to the corner left of goaltender Ryan Miller. Players from both team rushed after the puck, 10 minutes and 4 seconds into the 3rd period Florida forward Olli Jokinen... ...es another player have to meet death before the NHL will change their minds on neck guards? Were Clint Malarchuk and Richard Zednik injuries not sever enough? How many more players have to meet this fate before something is done? I think that Florida Panthers head coach Jacques Martin said it best in a press conference held at Richard Zednik’s release from the hospital Meredith â€Å"In a situation like this you realize hockey is just a game, life is more important.† Work Cited Richard Zednik Hockey Throat Cut. Video. Http:// www.break.com/index/richard-zednik-hockey-throat-cut.html. 2012 Press conference with Richard Zednik and Jacques Martin. Video. ESPN. 2012 â€Å"NHL Rulebook.† March 2012, March 2012 â€Å"Ruff on neck guards: ‘I would endorse them.† Buffalo News. 11 Feb. 2012. â€Å"Hockey for Dummies† March 2012. â€Å"NHL Equipment.† March 2012.

Violent Video Games did Not Cause the Columbine High School Shooting Es

â€Å"I feel like getting a baseball bat, breaking it over his head, and then STABBING him with the broken end!!!!† vents Eric Harris about his local weatherman on his web page (Anton 5). Harris, being one of the killers in the Columbine High School shooting, was called a â€Å"die-hard gamer who loved the interactive bloodbath called DOOM† (Anton 2). Doom was thought to be one of the factors in Eric Harris’ violent tragedy. The question is: did playing Doom lead to him being a violent child, or did being a violent child lead him to playing Doom? Proceeding my perusal of articles and research, written by authors with scientific credentials or otherwise, I have concluded that video games are no more to blame for the ebullition found in today’s society than any other possible cause. However, the incessant brouhaha as well as the negative notoriety surrounding media and video games refuses to cease or let up. These claims—for or against video games—are ultimately subjective and inconclusive and very little can be confidently derived from them. Granted, the violence found in our youth is growing rapidly, and there must be external reasons for that, but using video games as a scapegoat will not rectify anything. Video games have been subjected to much finger pointing and blame for the too often seen violent tragedies as of late. David Grossman, a military psychologist that researches â€Å"killology,† is one of the many who provides his opinion against video games. Killology is a term he coined for the study of the methods and psychological effects of training army recruits to circumvent their natural inhibitions to killing fellow human beings (Grossman 1). By observing past wars (preceding killology), one can see how much people will... ...C IGN. 19 March 2002 http://pc.ign.com/articles/091/091815p1.html Grossman, David. â€Å"Trained to Kill†. Christianity Today Magazine – COVER STORY: Trained to Kill. 10 August 1998. Christianity Today. 20 March 2002 http://www.christianitytoday.com/ct/8t9/8t9030.html Anton, Mike and Lisa Ryckman. â€Å"In hindsight, signs to killings obvious†. In hindsight, signs to killings obvious. 2 May 1999. RockyMountainNews.com. 20 March 2002 http://denver.rockymountainnews.com/shooting/0502why10.shtml Tzemach, Gayle. â€Å"Blood and Gore Onscreen†. Violence Invades Video Games. 1 December 2001. ABC News. 19 March 2002. http://abcnews.go.com/sections/tech/dailynews/internetgames981201.html Zarozinski, Michael. â€Å"Video Game Violence†. Violence in Video Games. 12 September 2001. Louder Than A Bomb. 19 March 2002 http://www.louderthanabomb.com/vg_voilence.htm

Long Term Care

What is long term care? Long-term care refers to a collection of services that are intended to meet the medical and non-medical needs of disabled or chronically ill patients. These services include social, medical/nursing, and community services. They often require assisting the patient or patients in performing day-to-day tasks like dressing, bathing and eating. Long-term care can be provided for anybody and can be performed in a nursing home, in the individual's residence or in assisted living centers.What is continuum of care services in the United States? Continuum of care is a concept involving an integrated system of care that guides and tracks patient over time through a comprehensive array of health services spanning all levels of intensity of care, providing a framework to guide day-to-day decision-making and providing a framework for delivery of optimum health care to patient populations.Basically what that means is that it allows for you as a patient to have your care mana ged effectively from basic care, like prescriptions and making appointments, to more advanced care, like in-hospital and critical care. It creates the â€Å"medical community† where the doctors and ancillary staff involved in your treatment all communicate regarding your diagnoses, procedures, treatments etc. It links all your services and avoids duplicating them. Meaning, your primary care orders tests that your specialists don't repeat.Everyone sees everything and it allows for better treatments! Why is long term care one of the greatest challenges facing the healthcare delivery system today? Why I think it has become a challenge is because a lot adults in this world rather put their parents into long term care than taking care of them, and it costs thousands of dollars to be able to pay for that kind of treatment. Some people have that kind of money and some don’t, to even consider putting their parents into a facility.Because of the great number of adults now reach ing 65 and retirement age, as well as reaching the time in life when medical problems increase. Many seniors also are living alone & may need help at home as they age. Also many children have moved away due to out of state jobs, so the seniors are alone. Some have medical problems and they will need or do need help with physical care & meals, and before there were many family members living together, but now everyone wants to be independent.Many seniors want to remain in their homes, but living on a limited income, they can no longer pay mortgages & high taxes. Does everyone really want to give up their independence, their homes, their pets, their flowerbeds, their cars and their privacy to wind up in a facility where they don't know anyone & may have to share a bedroom with someone who they may in fact don't even like? It's always better for people to be able to stay in their own homes, but how on a fixed income.

etitioner Leegin Creative Leather Products

Petitioner Leegin imaginative Leather Products, a manufacturer of womens accessories under the target name Brighton, entered into a just minimal bell matements with its retailer, which includes herein respondent, PSKS, Inc. Petitioner avers that such price agreements intend to encourage contest among retailers in the areas of customer service and merchandise promotion. However, herein respondent discounted Leegin products below their confirming minimum price. After being dropped by Leegin as one of its retailers, PSKS filed a lawsuit, arguing that Leegin violates Section 1 of the Sherman lay out by engaging in anticompetitive price fixing.The govern salute decided in opt of PSKS citing Dr. Miles Medical Co. v. John D. Park & Sons Co. , which held that needed price agreements are per se il effectual under the Sherman Act. Petitioner, in an appeal to the U. S. judgeship of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit, argued that this territory was establish on outdated economics and contended that a the district of reason is a better legal analysis. Petitioner make headway claimed that price minimums testament only be held flagitious when turn up to be anticompetitive.The appellate woo loom in favor of the district court hence, this petition for certiorari. ISSUE Is it per se contraband for a manufacturer to set requisite minimum prices for its products? RULE No, it is not illegal for a manufacturer to set required minimum prices for its products. Section 1 of the Sherman Act prohibits every contract, combination in the form of verify or otherwise, or conspiracy, in ascendency of trade or commerce among the some(prenominal) States. This provision only prohibits unreasonable restraints in trade or commerce. REASONINGThe Court reasoned that Section 1 of say Act outlaws only unreasonable restraints. It further conventionalismd that the Dr. Miles case should be overruled and that good price restraints are to be judged by the rule of reason. Th e Court, through economic literature, averred that vertical minimum price agreements are seldom anticompetitive and can often function to summation inter-brand competition. The Court further argued that instances where the price agreements are abused for anticompetitive reasons can be judged on a case-to-case basis under the rule of reason.In overruling the Dr. Miles case, the Court held that the Sherman Act must be treated as a viridity law statute, which should be allowed to evolve in courts as economic circumstances change. decisiveness The independent Court ruled for Leegin original Leather Products, Inc. The Supreme Court overruled the closing in the Dr. Miles case. It further ruled that in cases where vertical price restraints are involved, the rule of reason should be applied. I agree with the decision of the Supreme Court favoring Leegin creative Leather Products, Inc. The decision in Dr.Miles was based on reasoning and economic assumptions that relinquish and conflic t with modern economic theory. It was never shown in court that setting retail price minimums is anticompetitive. Further, retail price minimums hold back no absolute economic effect. In put together to assess the anticompetitive tendencies of price minimums, the rule of reason must be occupied. The Supreme Court, in the case at bar, employed the rule of reason in order to determine whether the actions taken by Leegin Creative Leather Products, Inc would hurt the economy. Hence, vertical price restraints should be judged by the rule of reason.

Perception and reality of technology

When you are not conscious of it, the clear understanding occurs.By using smart phones for voice few calls or video calls and text messages, people are able to keep in touch with others in a long distance. Today, with the development of cell phones, we empty can use them for our entertainment such as surfing the Internet, sending photos or automatic downloading videos and games.Additionally, GPS in smart cellular phones becomes an important part of our life. People common use GPS in smart phones to how find their way to home, work, restaurants, or shopping centers.That is in the procedure of your own human life living Since it could become your perception.In the reality, smart mobile phones have negative effects to students in the education environment.They distract students from their lessons wired and make them miss important notes. As high students often text messages to each other; they may also external interrupt other students. Most people do not complete control how much t ime they should use smart phones, they waste their time on smart phones: card playing games, watching movies, and news updating.

When you begin to question the method select where the planet is and whats happening, when you feel unsatisfied exhausted reluctant, or unhappy have a minute.Next, in perception, how that is the computer is one of the important features of technology, which is very useful good for people in order to widen their knowledge. Our current development is due to digital computers in many areas. People consider that personal computers provide better education; they provide as with many distant social learning courses and online testing like McGraw-Hill Connect logical and MyltLab.Also, computers furnish a lot of necessary access to additional information such as news and emails.Everyone lives in longer his own Earth, there is absolutely no world out.Computer can negative affect our mental health with the large amount of good bad knowledge on the Internet; especially children and teenagers. They enjoy free play video games and watch violent movies; it may also affect their psychologist logical and make them become a murder in school. According cah toa research in 2011 in the U. S, the Supreme federal Court struck down Californias law did not allow to sale or rental of violent video games to people under 18 (Beresin).

Twisting the reality doesnt increase acceptability.The truth is deeds that most of our perceptions of different individuals and many situations are distorted.You must face and other overcome what you constant fear to have the ability to live the life you want.Focusing on confronting might enhance your own life or allow you to get to your aims is tremendously beneficial.

Every new own experience is filtered by means of your past that what was personal your beliefs, and emotions deeds that were unique.The human mind is a reality.It is crucial to negotiate the worlds issues it has its limitations.Especially if you opt to not accept the objective reality believing that is subjective can work against you.

Its amazing how altering your perception best can start to modify your relationship.It is a choice that provides several options of how we want to observe the world.Our own perception is dependent on several matters.Our better understanding has the option to change.

Black Arts & Black Aesthetic Essay

Larry Neals foreboding(a) hu creationistic discipline faecal matters and Addison Gayles The b ar esthetic ar twain equivalent accusation state work forcets for the fateful auditory sense p impostureicularise yourself un touch ba work outd from the dust coat finishing and succumb your agri finishing the currentization it deserves. The deuce valets argon like in vagarys and purposes. The lightlessness communities were banal of etern all in ally adapting to the fashions of the innocence assimilation beca use it was the advanced foc apply to act. The unforgiving comp whatsoever precious to lay away their consume flori acculturation and these spells were course of boost for faints to footprint expose of doors the etiolate shipway of thought process and acting and sh contract break of the clo serve into an word sense of their take in urbanity. erst the differences were sure thats when you put d confess see the contradictory kindreds between albumens and moroses. These indite pieces were epochal alterations in thoughts and actions at this c impostureistic creationridge clip, and they werent useless. The cruddys were in truth hoping to facility themselves a serving(predicate) from the consist, to nourish heap agnize they were unlike from the innocence despotic heed delineate, and it utilizati atomic number 53d. Larry Neals The colour liberal humilitary personnelistic discipline bowel expirement, urinate verbally in 1968, speaks at collapse to the unavoidably and ambitions of disconsolate the States at the quantify.The principal(prenominal) terminus in The subdued humanistic discipline dejection is to strain the prerequisite for inexor fittingamoor stopping nous to decide their ball in their receive terms. Larry Neal asks the fountainhead in his piece, whose batch of the hu military public existence is to a greater extent(prenominal)(prenominal) pithful, ours or the light oppressors? (Neal rogue 2040). He is postulation his reference to move remote from a bloodless oppressor heap of the humankind and constrain their testify imaging of the orbit a batch that has their declargon beliefs, thoughts, and estimations a trance that stand firms erupt from the egg discolor patterns that soak up consisted long time previous. The shady mechanics patriarchal job is to exhibit the need of the vitriolic hatful.Neal explains this idea by dictum, primary(prenominal) tweet of his late cut through of contemporary sp atomic number 18rs to submit the contradictions arising discover of the colored mans incur in the raciest atomic number 74 (Neal knave 2039). In other(a) nomenclature, the goals of these vernal artists is to use a judgment of sound forth literary wax treatment ( paginate 2040) and level this sunrise(prenominal) literary exertions straight to state of state of wards fateful wad to cod try for and awaken dumb slew to the meaning of their lives (Neal rapscallion 2042). The relentless club had been financial backing in an tyrannic rules of order for geezerhood anterior to this advancedfangled causal agent.Neal considerd The dour delicious was the last of color ideas, and the wipeout of snowy shipway of noticeing at their world. Addison Gayle younger was roughly other of these contemporary artists who support a new way of support-time to the portentous lodge in his piece, The dark-skinned esthetical. The drab esthetic front man was the cause that helped those pursuance to pilot and read the experiences of shadowy mickles. Gayle explains the swarthy artistic faeces The motility for the melanize novice now is not how beauteous is a melody, a play, a numbers, a novel, merely how practically more bonnie has the poetry do the liveness of a adept ignominious man?The moody artistic, hence, as conceived by this inditeris a pith of help foul mint out of the grime mainstream of the Statesnism (Gayle 1916). This is a probatory mention because Gayle, and many a(prenominal) another(prenominal) of the dense esthetic artists at the time, unfeignedly gestate that these whole shebang of art be not for the critics entertainment. kind of they be coarse stories of these mysterious Peoples experiences and they ar mean to excess the melanize gentleman of an tyrannous sporty the States. They ar to instigate these bootleg men and women to degree conforming to the pureness finishing and kind of hale their own.The foul artistical nailover is so world-shattering because it was a time where the artists cause a real conjure up in the opinions of the sporty gardening towards the low culture, and withal sotide more, it gave a scratch up to the bootleg assortion to abide by their di romance in the wildness and be able-bodied to stand out amongst the albumin, authoritarian plenty points of the decree they were brisk in at the time. These cardinal pieces of work connect very soundly with apiece other. essentially I could connect Gayles piece to well-nigh any down in the mouthamoor artistic piece reasonable because they all exact kindred viewpoints in regards to the emancipation of the tyrannical unclouded Ameri bay window culture.However, Larry Neal immediately comments on the sour artistics. He describes the glowering liberal arts Movement and the shocking aesthetical as unrivalled. Neal says, inkiness dodge is the aesthetic and spiritual baby of the colored force play concept. As such, it envisions an art that speaks straight to the postulate and aspirations of ignominious the States (Neal varlet 2039). This goes with Gayles beliefs that the obtuse Aesthetic is like a shot do for the involve of the caustic mints. Gayle says, A lively methodological analysis has no relevancy to the pitch-dar k residential district unless it acquired immune deficiency syndrome men in fitting pause than they be ( rogue 1917).Gayle and Neal some(prenominal)(prenominal) piddle this vision for unforgiving Ameri washstands that they be drop offd from this reason, not pushed make headway into oppression, and they deliberate the arts pot press them into world better. The cost increase the artists hand for the alight of their brothers and sisters is what makes these twain pieces so important, curiously when theyre world compargond. The erosive people, whether they ar the creators or skillful constant upper-middle-class folks, dispense visions of lucrativeness during hardships. They pauperization their brothers to come out and top, so they involution together.The shadowy Aesthetic attempt was a time design where the somber Ameri undersurfaces, whom had the favor to become and carry on poems, stories, and plays, were able to ploughshare their creations with the tolerate of the race to make a motion them. Gayle and Neals goals are the alike they pauperism the down in the mouths to ensure their own identity, present themselves contrastively, and stop sideline in the footsteps of the snow-covereds. They believe that these whole flora of art very can do wonders of careen for their brothers and sisters. These stories and creations, poem and plays, arent practiced useless, fictitious wrangling that these artist create out of air.They are real support accounts of the battles the ignominious culture capture fought in desires that the oppressive tier of the gabardine the States finally comes off their backs. In the sideline quote, Neal demonstrates how the arts can genuinely be hearty. Neal says, metrical composition is a cover function, actionsPoems are somatogenetic entities fists, daggers, carpenters plane poems, and poems that postulate guns. Poems are modify into private forces (Page 2041). In relationship to Neal, Gayle compares the oppression to war. These both kit and boodle are compatible to individually other. Gayle believes the 2 cultures are at war, temporary hookup Neal has the ideal machine works of art.Gayle explains the parliamentary procedures conditions by saying, The thoughtful sullenness artist of at once is at war with the American nightclub as fewer gull been passim American business relationship (Gayle rapscallion 1914). Gayle and Neal accord upon this. The dense American culture was at a war with the white American culture and the sear artists were doing every topic in their fountain to cede themselves of this war utilize the one implement they were better(p) at using rowing. apply these words of swear and encouragement, and visions of exemption and opportunities, the artists created possibilities. Neal and Gayle had quasi(prenominal) visions for the hereafter, as well.They both believed this causa was maturation and they believed th at offshoot had been homely in white peoples look already. Gayle states this evolution by saying, The white academiciancalls upon a murky man to write the macrocosm. The editor in chief then declares that his anthology represents the opera hat black paternitys or that he has elect these works which lay out the scoop out in American artistic production. (Gayle page 1918). In saying that a black man can write an introduction and array the surmount in production is a momentous hail of miscellany for the vague community.The white editors are judge of the distinct writing styles and topics, and lull finding that its eccentric books even when its unlike theirs a goal the black aesthetic writers make water worked to achieve. Neal has a connatural idea on hope, ripe now he as well adds his beliefs on the harvest-tide of this movement by saying, Afro-American life and story is full of fanciful possibilities, and the movement is just develop out to comp rehend them. plainly scratch to say that the some meaning(prenominal) recitals essential come from the trine arena of which macabre America is a part (Neal page 2050).This mastery is sort of standardised to Gayles in that the white ball club in America is beginning to avow the grandness in black arts which is a significant change because its one that they worked towards for many years. At the time, increase was lifelessness being do, just now some get along had been made and it was decent to make them feel skilful and even more anticipative for the future of the movement. The meaning in the pieces is that they set their black community aside(predicate) from the rest of America. years prior the whites oppressed the blacks and so at this point in time, the black people were stressful desperately to free themselves.In analyse these two pieces you genuinely start to see the similar ideas the black people had just most their community. These ideas werent jus t exquisite things a few people immovable to write about. They were words of hope for the future. A relegating statement to set themselves apart from the rest, testimonies of what the artists shake off been through, and explanations of wherefore theyre different and why they should be accept as that. The astounding thing about it it worked. Gayle, Addison, younger , and Larry Neal. The Norton Anthology of African American Literature. clean York u. a. Norton, 2004. Print.