Microsoft Zune vs Apple iPod Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Microsoft Zune versus Apple iPod - Essay Example Macintosh discharged its first-historically speaking versatile media player, iPod Classic, in 2001. Like the standard compact media players, one can tune in to music, watch recordings, show pictures and even mess around on the iPod. Macintosh has since changed the first iPod and has made it little and wearable (iPod Shuffle) and with an ever increasing number of highlights like having worked in Wi-Fi and empowering it to record and alter HD recordings, download and play web based games, in addition to other things. Every item has its own gadget age as well.Microsoft discharged its own media player gadget in the year 2006 and called the first Zune 30. The numbers in their name shows how huge the limit of the gadget is. Zune 30 can play melodies, video and show pictures simply like the iPod. The main distinction is that photographs and recordings can be watched or played in either picture or scene mode. The Zune can likewise be adjusted to mess around and can play in various sound arra ngements. It likewise has a Zune-to-Zune remote sharing of music and photographs. Next is Zune 4 which has the age of 8 and 16. As indicated by Surhone et al. (2010), it very well may be clicked 5 different ways. Like its forerunner, it has Wi-Fi utilized for remote sharing of photographs and music in other Zune. It has additionally a FM radio. Zune 80 or 120 was the following discharge for the Microsoft, which produce positive outcomes as it was called a â€Å"iPod alternative†. The highlights are equivalent to its past forerunner however with higher limit as the number showed in the name and greater screen.â The latest discharge is the Zune HD. As its name recommends, one can purchase and lease superior quality (HD) films and TV appears, play HD radio, download applications and games and surf the web on the Zune HD.Â

The relationships between prison inmates and correction officers in Essay

The connections between jail detainees and revision officials in regaurds to brutality - Essay Example The workshops are overseen by detainee mentors, yet with the help and inclusion of outside volunteer co-mentors. AVP workshops are ordinarily a few days long, contingent upon the particular module. The two prisoners, just as outside coaches are volunteers, their capabilities being consummation of all AVP modules notwithstanding the train-the-mentor workshop. Members start with the essential workshop, progress to the progressed, and from that point to the extra modules which incorporate Bias Awareness and Manly Awareness. The ethnographic examination, finished in May of 2001 (Sloane 2001), proposed that AVP members' practices were altered by their inclusion in these workshops. Penitentiaries are basically shut foundations. To everything except the state representatives who work in them, the detainees kept in them and the authorities who are allowed get to, jails are commonly escaped general visibility. Under extraordinary position stretched out to the Correctional Association since 1846, individuals from its Prison Visiting Committee can enter jails, talk with detainees and staff, and convey their discoveries and suggestions to state policymakers and general society. While the Correctional Association doesn't have position to order change, it utilizes its information on jail activities to advocate for change to the individuals who do have that power. In view of perceptions of the Correctional Association's Prison Visiting Committee from visits to 25 state restorative offices directed between March 1998 and October 2001, key issues and zones for change dependent on discussions with several detainees and remedial staff are referenced here as well as portrayed in the individual jail reports: - Youth Assistance Programs in which prisoners and remedy staff volunteer as advocates to in danger youth from the network; - The Little dogs Behind Bars program, where prisoners train pups to become seeing-eye hounds; - The steering of an in-cell substance misuse treatment program for prisoners in disciplinary imprisonment; - Mandatory scholarly programming for prisoners who read as well as have a math score beneath the ninth-grade level; - Parenting programs highlighting organized gatherings and child rearing instruction classes; - Family guest focuses at 36 offices to furnish detainee relatives with a spot to invigorate themselves preceding entering the jail; - The establishment of Automatic Electronic Defibrillators in each state remedial office; - Aggression Replacement Therapy gave via prepared detainee facilitators to assist detainees with distinguishing and control forceful conduct; and - Earned Eligibility and Merit Time programs, which reward certain peaceful guilty parties who meet different program prerequisites with the chance of early discharge. Inspiration levels toward the beginning of the workshops

Declaration of Independence Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Statement of Independence - Essay Example There is no huge distinction between the underlying Declaration and the last form. The greater part of the wording was held as it was in the underlying archive. Minimal modifications were made on the report. In contrasting Jefferson’s beginning Declaration and the last form, it tends to be noticed that the majority of the adjustments made were on the wording in the record. This was more with the end goal of lucidity than for modification of significance of the words in the Declaration. Of the draft introduced to Congress, just two sections were dismissed legitimately by Congress. One of the sections alluded to the English individuals in an improper way which didn't go down well with congress since even the Americans were of British roots. The other section which impugned servitude and slave exchange didn't satisfy Congress the same number of individuals possessed slaves and were not ready to liberate them. The changes of the wording in the record was to give the report an increasingly customized feel as will be clarified by the accompanying models. A portion of the adjustments for instance toward the beginning of the Declaration where the article â€Å"of† is changed to â€Å"by†, was expected to draw out the part of personalization. The modification of the words â€Å"sacred and undeniable† to peruse â€Å"self evident† may have been done to keep away from the announcement a strict vibe. A few changes were made for linguistic purposes to dodge unintended implications from articulations. This is apparent in the second section where the article â€Å"in† was erased before the word â€Å"rights†. It is obvious from this model incorporation of the article would have given the announcement an alternate implying that was not proposed by the drafters of the statement. Different changes may have been made to address human blunder as for the situation where Jefferson erases the words â€Å"he has dissolved† from the earliest starting point of a line he was composing. Unmistakably this was on the grounds that he was rehashing the past line and on

Buying Toefl Essay Samples for Russians

Buying Toefl Essay Samples for Russians It's important to get a smooth and effective life as you need to work in that country now, with the country men, therefore it is for your advantage. Participating in a group procedure can be extremely rewarding for members of the group. Decision-making is achieved by the full group. Every individual in the group has to be consulted prior to making any decision. In spite of the greatest possible score, it's still acceptable to have minor pronunciation errors. The exact same words can mean various things to various people from other cultures, even if they talk in the exact same language. Take notes not just to help you deliver a comprehensive reply, but in addition supply you with keywords from the lecture and conversation to impress the graders. Usually, an effective response is going to be 150 to 225 words. New Step by Step Roadmap for Toefl Essay Samples for Russians Your Russian colleagues will expect a comprehensive presentation related to your topic. It is also officially known as the Russian Federation. The Russian Education process is largely depending on the central European system, and very similar in its structure. In comparison to many different nations, the price of studying in Russia is extremely low. Not just that, but watching movies is simply less expensive. In addition, this is where Russian higher education has its very best reputation. The majority of these programs can be discovered in both main foreign hubs of Moscow and St. Petersburg. Last but not least, you need to always keep in mind your occupation is to create the grader's life simpler. Locate a lecture on a topic which you know something about. Also it is not very great to speak about somebody's salaries. If you are searching for assistance with your essay then we provide a comprehensive writing service given by fully qualified academics in your area of study. Effective communication between individuals of different cultures is quite a challenging endeavor. Overall, higher education ought to be available for all. Also, it's feasible for a little quota of international students to get their studies financed through Russian federal fellowships. Universities supply a wide spectrum of programs on all degrees of education. Toefl Essay Samples for Russians - the Conspiracy Among the most prevalent dangers of consuming an excessive amount of fat is getting obese. Being eco friendly becomes increasingly more significant. Quite simply, high fat food could lead you to experience a great deal of diseases. A high fat meal once a while is OK for individuals that are otherwise healthy. The prevalence of the company dining is increasing day-by-day. To decline such offers is regarded as rude. Rooms are essentially furnished and it could be well worth mentioning that beds are usually very small. You have more choices of what things to watch a t home because it's possible to watch movies which are on TV or the web. Exchanging business cards is seen to symbolize the person. If you're not giving an appropriate gift there's an opportunity of ruining the company relationship. A little present for a Russian child is deemed appropriate. Always be ready to give and get a gift at the exact first small business meeting. In relation to the emissions per person, it's very clear that developed countries were the greatest contributors. Remember it doesn't need to be immaculately perfect. Another finding was that some projects simply didn't move very fast. The bigger cities naturally supply the chance to rent private accommodation of your own selection. It is very important to use whole name followed by the business's name at the period of introduction. Return and listen again.

Performance Management And Its Effectiveness - 1568 Words

Another challenge faced by performance management is the ability, or lack of, to actually improve the performance by employees to reach and achieve at a greater height than they already are (Armstrong, 2014). The organisations must circulate inspiration between employer and employee to garner more success in business matters and as a personal development process. An organisation must maintain a healthy and active level of staff inspiration during the interview and requires a continuous emotional, physical and mindful investment in themselves and others to ensure that it reaches a charitable capability. Motivation and contribution by staff to employees shouldn’t be left to rot and unnoticed, as naturally they’d become a thing of the past†¦show more content†¦Other organisations decide to ignore the central, uniformed and simplified approach to the system and instead suggest other approaches are specifically targeted for other people in other aspects. They break from the normality of the system and this alone can create new problems which can be left in the dark and so can’t be resolved. Some may look at the system and fine tune every detail and compartmentalise everything into an intricate, measurable process and go every little thing, which is time consuming and managers won’t be driven to act on something which is lengthy. This leads to issues where things can go uncovered and the employee won’t understand everything that’s been said nor gain any new, relevant insight into what to improve, the dos and don’ts. The key words when developing a performance management system is â€Å"simplicity†, because when it’s simple, it becomes easy flowing and you can assess individual aspects thoroughly and add input into what’s been done. However, simplicity is what some organisations avoid and create a nightmare of complications which aren’t necessary, in turn hindering the interview and making it pointless to the employee. Managers might overlook the necessity of the process if there’s too much jumble and jargon which they have to look through and explain, especially if it’s time consuming, some just don’t have

Essay about 3 Stories About Coming of Age - 903 Words

The definition of coming of age is the attainment of maturity. In these three stories â€Å"To Every Thing There Is A Season† by Alistair MacLeod, â€Å"The Sunrise on the Veld,† by Doris Lessing, and â€Å"Stones,† by Sandre Birdsell, all of the same theme â€Å"Coming of Age.† They all go through hardship, pain, and loss. In each of these stories the protagonist realizes reality in three different ways: by facing death, by watching one closest to them get hurt or made a fool, and by realizing his or hers surroundings. Firstly in the story â€Å"Sunrise on the Veld,† by Doris Lessing the main character notices the real world by seeing death in a harsh way. In this story their was a boy who lived in South Africa who had just turned 15 years old. In the boys†¦show more content†¦In the beginning there was a girl named Lureen who was the second eldest in the family. She believed that her mother was the best in the beginning. Until the a new neighbour moved in, the wife Mrs. Hallmans was a woman that was fit, gorgeous, and young. She was the ideal woman in men and women’s eyes! Even Lureen admired her instead of her mother but she was ashamed with the fact that her family was poor. The proof of her poorness was when she asked her mother â€Å", Why we didn’t have one measly bike.† Sandre Birdsell, (174) Lureen was comparing the Hallmans family who were fairly rich with her own family who were poor. After all the days the mother had suffered with talking with Mrs Hal lmans, the doctor, Mrs. Hallmans husband came over to flirt with Lureen’s mother into giving him the recipe for baking bread. Lureen mother who was immensely happy with the fact that there was someone around to play bridge with her, she had agreed and promised the doctor. â€Å" Then I saw Emily’s bicycle lying in he driveway and I lifted the stone and let the recipe blow away.† Sandre Birdsell, (175) told by the narrator. This was the climax of Lureen, it is when she becomes aware of the wicked intentions the Hallman’s were doing. In the end one can understand the real life by identifying people that may harm his/her family. Thirdly â€Å"To Every Thing There Is A Season† by Alistair MacLeod the protagonist, realizes reality by observing his/hers surroundings. In the start of the storyShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Sandra Cisneros Twelve And Ray Bradbury s The Veldt1230 Words   |  5 Pagesconstruct a story with realistic characters to enable readers in familiarizing themselves with the character. In Sandra Cisneros’ Eleven and Ray Bradbury’s The Veldt, both authors reveal realistic characters by using descriptive writing with the use of literary devices, utilizing dialogue that reflects their young ages and developing the characters by encountering various types of narrations. The authors use realistic characters to provide a better reflection about the coming of age as a theme. Read MoreIn Ray Bradburys The Veldt And Sandra Cisneros111242 Words   |  5 Pagesevolving of oneself. In Ray Bradbury’s The Veldt and Sandra Cisneros’ Eleven, the authors portray young people as striving to develop a sense of self. This is depicted through the setting, symbolism and dialogue within the stories, which reflects the complicated nature of coming of age. First and foremost, different authors display young people through settings, portraying how setting can affect growth. In Cisneros’ Eleven, Rachel dislikes the red sweater that she is handed because she knows it isRead MoreComing Of Age By James Joyce And A P By John Updike1231 Words   |  5 PagesGuiseppi La Mura Instructor Moore LIT 09/3/15 Coming of Age Growing up and learning to be an adult is part of everyone’s life. Emotions run rampant with love, anger, and uncertainty. Short stories Araby by James Joyce and A P by John Updike create perfect examples of coming to age experiences which individuals can relate to. 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Elliot, â€Å"Preludes† Journey of the Magi† and â€Å"The Hollow Men† and I wondered about which poem I connected easiest with . I observed the poem, â€Å"Preludes† when I read the lines, â€Å"And newspapers from vacant lots†¦at the corner of the street†¦a lonely cab-horse steams and stamps† (Elliot, Preludes, page 1156 lines 8-11) in which I realized they were in a bustling city. I thought to myself, since living in a smallRead MoreCharacter Analysis Of Marjane Satrapi1307 Words   |  6 Pagesthat is almost as intriguing to track as the plot itself. Her loss of innocence and personal change can be linked to growing up within an environment of unrest and struggle. In regards to this idea, the character of Marjane Satrapi symbolizes a coming of age theme. Her relationships with surrounding characters, and experiences throughout her life heavily influence her perception and who she grows up to be.   Ã‚   The graphic novel portrays Marjane Satrapi as an opinionated, imaginative, and curious youngRead MoreAnalysis Of On The Sidewalk Bleeding 1293 Words   |  6 Pages Lall 1 A wise woman once said, â€Å"There is a time for everything - a time for being born and a time for coming of age. There is a time for death, too.† (Barbara Bel Geddes). Most human beings go through a transition from adolescence to adulthood through an experience that opens one’s mind towards an unfamiliar and new perspective of life. That said, in literature the concept of coming of age is used to engage teenagers by molding and creating characters that he or she can relate to. CorrespondinglyRead MoreAnalysis of Octavia Butlers Bloodchild Essay1552 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"Bloodchild† be classified as a slave story? The author claims that â€Å"Bloodchild† is not a tale of slavery, but rather a love story and a coming-of-age tale. Does â€Å"Bloochild† conform to the conventions of the slave stories, love stories, or coming-of-age tales with which you are familiar? What other classifications—in terms of literary genre, form, or modeâ₠¬â€apply to â€Å"Bloodchild†? Readers can easily deduce why Octavia Butlers won both the Hugo and Nebula Awards for her story â€Å"Bloodchild.† The reader in aRead MoreToy Story 3 Review1135 Words   |  5 PagesIt’s been eleven years since we last saw the gang in Toy Story 2 and things are a bit different now. Weezy and Bo Peep, as well as others, are gone. They have fallen victim to damage, yard sales, garbage bags, donations, and simply being misplaced. There is a melancholy feeling in the air between Woody and the rest of the gang as the film opens. Andy is now 17 years old and is preparing to depart to college. Each toy is well aware as they watch him pack, that their futures will come down to eitherRead MoreThe Great Gatsby : Coming Of Age Novel1453 Words   |  6 PagesTiffany Gomez Period 5 October 20, 2014 IB English 3 Individual Oral Presentation The Great Gatsby: Coming of Age Novel Statement of Intent: While The Great Gatsby may not seem like a classic coming of age story, considering that the protagonist, Nick, establishes himself as an adult through his experiences. His overall character matures as he is exposed to the realities of new morals. With this topic I intend to combine the themes and experiences of the novel that ultimately change Nick’s persona

African American and Body Paragraphs free essay sample

Instructions: Copy and paste the following text into a document or create a document that contains the same information. Writing Prompt What stylistic elements does King use to influence his readers? After reading and analyzing Letter from Birmingham Jail, write an essay in which you answer the question and analyze structure and language in his text, providing 3 or more examples to illustrate and clarify your analysis. What conclusion can you draw about the power of this text? 1. Copy and paste the introduction of your essay. If your instructor suggested any revisions to your introduction, please make your revisions and include in the space below. â€Å"Its unjust treatment of Negroes in the courts is a notorious (well-known) reality. There have been more unsolved bombings of Negro homes and churches in Birmingham than any city in this nation. These are the hard, brutal, and unbelievable facts. † Unfortunately, he was right. Those were â€Å"hard, brutal, and unbelievable facts† at that time. We will write a custom essay sample on African American and Body Paragraphs or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page During the time he wrote the â€Å"Letter from Birmingham Jail† the African-American Civil Rights Movement was happening. People were protesting to get equal rights for â€Å"colored people†, to outlaw racial injustice in the USA and Martin Luther King Jr. was a big part of it. He was one of the leaders of this movement; this letter that he wrote was from jail because he was given a penalty for parading without a permit. Martin Luther King shows this power through similes, rhetorical questions and imagery which creates a bigger more important picture in the readers mind. Write 2. Using what you have learned about evidence, explanation, quotations, and paraphrase, write your body paragraphs in the space below. You will need to include at least one of each of the following: †¢a direct quotation introduced with a complete sentence and a colon †¢a direct quotation introduced with a signaling phrase and a comma †¢a direct quotation that is introduced and explained in one sentence †¢a paraphrased example †¢an embedded quotation Locate 3. Within the body paragraphs of your essay, locate a direct quotation that is introduced with a complete sentence and a colon. Copy and paste it here. Be sure to include the entire sentence that contains the quotation as well as the explanation sentence(s) that comes after it. 4. Within the body paragraphs of your essay, locate a direct quotation that is introduced with a signaling phrase and a comma. Copy and paste it here. Be sure to include the entire sentence that contains the quotation as well as the explanation sentence(s) that comes after it. 5. Within the body paragraphs of your essay, locate a direct quotation that is introduced and explained in one sentence. Copy and paste it here. 6. Within the body paragraphs of your essay, locate one paraphrased example and copy and paste it here. 7. Within the body paragraphs of your essay, locate one embedded quotation and copy and paste it here. Reflect 8. What are you most proud of in this draft of your body paragraphs? 9. What questions do you have about how to use examples or explanations in your writing? [ Close ]

Digging Essays - Seamus Heaney, Death Of A Naturalist,

Digging The poem ?Digging,? is a free verse poem written by Seamus Heaney. It is the first poem in a collection of poems written by Heaney called the ?Death of a Naturalist,? first published in 1966. Heaney was born in 1939 and raised in Northern Ireland in a rural farming community. He was one of nine children and the son of a farmer. In his poem ?Digging,? Heaney is perhaps reflecting on his childhood as the son of a farmer and his admiration for his father and grandfather?s hard work. Through the use metaphor, symbolism and alliteration, Heaney illustrates and connects his childhood memories and roots of his family and culture with the importance and value of hard work. These memories and values are translated through his recollection of his father and grandfather?s hard work in potato farming into his own life?s work of writing. A metaphor is a comparison where a word or words are used to create an impression between two things which are similar. In the beginning of ?Digging,? the poet sees his father and grandfather digging. He has a sense of great pride in his father and grandfather?s hard work as they work the ground to plant potatoes. As he watches them work, he eventually realizes ?he has no spade to follow men like them? (line 29). He comes to realize that his work will not be in agriculture or farming like his father and grandfather, but that his ?digging? or work, metaphorically, will be with using a pen as a spade. Hence, writing is his work with his pen as his tool like farming was his father?s work and his tool was a spade. Furthermore, there is also an extended metaphorical relationship between his father?s digging with a spade and his work as a writer with a pen. This extended metaphor of his father is seen by the poet with his father digging in his garden and then twenty years earlier, digg ing potatoes, which is representative of the poet going back in time and recalling, as in ?digging? in one?s memories of the past. As the poet recalls his past, Heaney uses many symbols to convey a number of meanings. In the opening of ?Digging,? he compares his pen to a gun (line 2). The symbolic meaning of this is perhaps the idea that the pen is a mighty weapon or powerful tool capable of great work like his father?s and grandfather?s work with a spade (line 15, 17). His father?s work with a spade was powered by physical strength and the poet?s work, although not physically demanding, is powered by great mental work and equally admirable. Additionally, the earth, referring to the fertile soil, is used in several ways symbolically with the words ground, turf and roots to represent what the poet is tied to or rooted and grounded in, in relation to his father and grandfather?s way of life (line 4, 24, 27). Heaney conveys a sense of ?grounding? or close bonding, stability and respect with and for his father and grandfather as potato farmers. He and his family have their ?roots? in farming and the earth or fert ile soil, the very turf or ground which they till through their hard work, provide them with food which is essential to their survival. This food which is the potato, is symbolic of their hard work and is the reward for their labor (line 15). All these are symbols of the poet?s connection to his family, his origins or beginnings and the ?roots? of his family in farming. Finally, alliteration is the use of words with the same syllable and sound to accentuate or highlight a specific point. Heaney uses alliteration very effectively a number of times throughout the poem ?Digging.? ?Spade sinks into gravelly ground;? ?tall tops;? ?buried the bright;? ?squelch and slap of soggy;? and ?curt cuts? are all examples of Heaney?s use of alliteration to emphasize the hard work and energy required by his father and grandfather when tilling the ground which produced the ?fruits of their labor? (line 4, 12, 26, 27). The reader has a strong sense of what it is like to be in a field digging in the soil,

Street Children in Vietnam

Street Children in Vietnam Free Online Research Papers 1. Introduction Street Children are children living on streets to earn their living. According to Canadas International Policy Statement (Canada International Development Agency, Street Children 2008),the street children population worldwide is likely well over 100 million. The problem of street children exists in both, the developed as well as developing countries, with differences in its size and magnitude. However, this issue is especially serious in such poor or developing countries as Cambodia, Somalia, Sudan, etc. As a developing one, Vietnam is not an exception. The statistic of the Ministry of Labor, Invalids, and Social Affairs (MOLISA) (Bo Lao dong- Thuong Binh va xa hoi 11 February 2009), indicated that there were approximately over 20,000 street children in Vietnam ( U.S. Department of State, Vietnam, March 11-2008). Although the Government has made a special effort to reduce this number, it seems that the general status has not been improved remarkably. This paper is made for a par ticular purpose: bringing out an overview of street children in Vietnam by giving the clearest definition of street children, the reason why they end up on streets and also some advice to solve this global issue. 2. Discussion of findings 2.1. Definition of street children Different countries describe street children in different ways. The Terre des homes (Terre des homes 2004) brings out the definition that street children are â€Å"the children who live on streets and are not taken care of by parents or other protective guardians†. In Vietnam, the street children are called as â€Å"dust of life† (Human Right Watch, Children of the Dust 2006). In other words, today, it is widely understood that the term †street children† encompasses children living in a wide range of situations. However, as stated in â€Å"Street Children† (Seal of Approval, Street Children), two general categories below have been frequently used to describe them: the children living and working in streets and the children working on streets who maintain regular contact with their families. In this paper, the definition of street children above continues to be used for the clearest meaning. Many of the children ending up on the streets struggle to make a few VND by shining shoes, sorting rubbish to sell salvaged scraps or selling lottery ticket†¦.However, there is not a small number of these children who gain money from pilfering, pickpocketing, or even selling illegal drugs. Some, particularly girls, get forced into the sex trade. Street children mostly live in urban areas, especially the areas attracting foreigners like Hoan Kiem Lake, around ancient streets (in Hanoi) or Pham Ngu Lao (Ho Chi Minh City). Furthermore, the street children also go to some crowded local residents to find a job, such as in some big markets ( Long Bien, Dong Xuan in Hanoi and Ben Thanh,Cau Muoi in HCM City), fishing area in Phuc Xa commune or Thanh Xuan District (Hanoi)†¦. (Human Right Watch, Children of the Dust 2006) 2.2 Why they are on the streets The youth end up on the streets for a variety of reasons including war, poverty, urbanization, natural disasters, and so on . But in Vietnam, the factors pushing children to live on streets in the great part are related to the below ones: a. Broken family As a result of an increase in the number of divorce cases in Vietnam society, the number of children –the first victims – is also going up remarkably in recent years. Being hurt of the break-up of parents, such children are always under stress and of course, easily discouraged from study (Terre des homes 2004). Besides, the children whose one or both parents are dead are also affected by psychological damage, which may bring them the state of being street children (Terre des homes 2004). The feeling of loss makes them undergo a great emotional shock, even if they are still brought up by close relatives. As a result of being too young to have mature thoughts, such poor children are also no longer interested in studying. Therefore, those children are easily lured by bad friends to leave their homes and becoming street children is an inevitable consequence for them (Duong Kim Hong and Kenichi Ohno 2005). The recent survey of the Committee of Population, Family and Children in Hanoi (2004) bore out this above statement by discovering that 12.3% of the interviewed children were from a broken family (cited in Duong Kim Hong and Kenichi Ohno 2005). According to MOLISA data (ibid) for 2001,there are estimately 4,000 abandoned children that become street children all over the country. b. Poverty Poverty is also considered as a major cause of an increasing number of street children in Vietnam. In a survey conducted by VDF (cited in Duong Kim Hong and Kenichi Ohno 2005), nearly  ¾ of the interviewed children mentioned that the reason why they have to end up on street is that their family don’t afford to live without their working and earning money hard. The causes of poverty have been attributed to several factors, such as natural disasters, joblessness, illness, lack of education, and so on. Due to the poor state of family, the children have to work hard for many hours each day instead of having the basic human right of being educated. Furthermore, as stated in Plan Australia, in some under-developed areas, as a result of gender-based discrimination, the girls in poor families may be abandoned, or even be sold by their own parents. These are only a few salient points that indicated the reason why the kid whose family is poor also hold a quite large amount in st reet children. c. Domestic violence and abuse Domestic violence and abuse are also factors creating conditions whereby children decide to run away from homes. Based on Friend- International’s figures, about 10% of street children in Vietnam escaped from homes due to being hit unreasonably by their parents, especially by the father, frequently. Home violence is said to hurt children dangerously by making them always be scared of strangers and skeptical of other people’s kindness. Based on a research of Childhope Asia Philippines, the children who used to be treated violently also have the tendency to treat others violently. Child abuse is the maltreatment of children, which consists of 4 types: emotional abuse, physical abuse, child neglect and sexual abuse. All these types lead to long-term effect on children’s behavior and characteristics. Some of the many consequences are children’s difficulty in school or concentration, behaviors of lying or stealing, manipulation or uncontrollable actions, and so on . (Terre des homes 2004) 2.3 The risks to street children As an inevitable result, once on the streets, these young people are exposed and vulnerable to a number of risks. A recent research about Street Children (Children of the Andes) noted that the children are vulnerable to be attacked by such chronic diseases as TB, leprosy, typhoid, malaria, jaundice and liver/kidney disorders. They also easily suffer from dirt, smoke, other environmental hazards, and even HIV AIDS. Another research (Terre des homes 2004) showed some facts about Vietnamese street children’s risks when he asked the street children what the biggest dangers to them are at the table below: Risks Girls (% mentioning) (n=116) Boys (% mentioning) (n=221) Total (% mentioning) Drug addiction 48.3 49.8 49.3 An accident 23.3 20.8 21.7 Being beaten by other children 12.9 22.2 18.7 Being rounded up by police/other authorities 16.4 17.2 16.9 Being robbed 13.8 10.9 11.9 Being fined by the police/other authorities 12.1 8.1 9.5 Turning to crime / going to prison 4.3 11.8 9.2 Getting HIV/AIDS 7.8 7.2 7.4 Being exploited 6.0 5.9 5.9 (Sexual abuse) 10.3 0.0 3.6 (Source: Terre des homes 2004) As we can see from the table, street children have a high risk to be sexually abused or otherwise exploited. Furthermore, being dependent on drugs is also a problems among these kids (nearly 50% of those who were conducted in this survey is in the state of drug addiction). Besides, without education, they have little hope of getting a decent job or building a better life in the future. Children may be lured by the prospect of a more exciting life in the city or a chance to earn money. The reality is that they usually live in terrible conditions with no-one to protect them and often no record that they even exist. Therefore, they can easily end up working for little pay in dangerous conditions. Such ways of making money among street children like sex work, beggar, thief, etc. lead to the state of increasing social problems in our country, including rising illiteracy rate, decreasing in social morality and even preventing these children’s humanity development. 3. Conclusion and recommendation This investigation indicates that behind the definition of street children, there are a variety of conditions, both for what concerns the motivation that brings young people to work on the streets and their ways of surviving dependently on streets. The research also implies that the children should be taken care of more by society for the best developments. To deal with the illiteracy among street children, establishing vocational training centers and schools is important. Projects should also improve the quality of street children’s living conditions by building houses for them or allowing adequate families to adopt the children who lost protection from guardians. In addition, the people who are responsible for this field are advised to strengthen the network of promoting children’s rights and child protection between urban and rural areas of street children’s origin to facilitate family reunification and community integration and to prevent ch ildren from running away from home. Last but not least, it is necessary to promote child-friendly environments in the business community and factories in order to exploit job opportunities for street children and to help them stay longer with jobs. This is essential to ensure a stable life for street children or adolescents and also their long-term inclusion into society. Research Papers on Street Children in VietnamNever Been Kicked Out of a Place This NiceThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesUnreasonable Searches and SeizuresEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenPersonal Experience with Teen PregnancyThe Spring and AutumnComparison: Letter from Birmingham and CritoRelationship between Media Coverage and Social andHip-Hop is Art

Did DB Cooper Get Away With It Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Did DB Cooper Get Away With It - Research Paper Example This research will begin with the statement that on the day before Thanksgiving 1971, one of the most famous airplane hijackings in US history took place in the skies over the Pacific Northwest. In the over forty years since, the â€Å"DB Cooper† case has continued to rivet the nation’s, if not the world’s, attention. Since no corpse was ever found, the question remains. Wednesday, November 24, 1971, a man calling himself Dan Cooper bought an airline ticket from Portland, Oregon, to Seattle, Washington and soon boarded Northwest Orient Flight 305. The man was generally described by witnesses as a normal looking fellow, possibly early forties, and wearing a black raincoat over a dark business suit. The aircraft was a Boeing 727 and the flight was a normally uneventful half-hour trip. According to retired FBI agent Ralph Himmelsbach, the lead investigator on the case, in his book Norjak: The Investigation of D.B. Cooper, shortly after takeoff, just before 3:00 PM, Cooper passed a note to the flight attendant, stating he had a bomb and the plane was being hijacked. Although frightened, she asked to see his bomb and he showed her his briefcase which was full of some odd red cylinders with a cylindrical battery that she assumed might have been sticks of dynamite. The stewardess then told their conversation and showed the note to the cabin crew, who dutifully relayed the information to Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) officials in Seattle.

Women in Policing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Women in Policing - Essay Example There are several reasons: first, this job offers financial security; second, there is significant inspiration from the peer group; and acquaintanceship with police work (Price, 1996). Nevertheless, women police officers, face considerable discrimination. Initially, they were not permitted to undertake patrolling duties, because of their perceived physical shortcomings, Vis – a – Vis their male counterparts on the force. This was a double-edged sword employed by the chauvinistic superior police officers, who were exclusively men. Since, patrol duty was a prerequisite for promotions, women were effectively, prevented from obtaining promotions (Price, 1996). Women police officers, have fewer opportunities to progress in their career, and obtain promotions and rewards. Their distribution throughout the force is irregular and there are specialized units, which are conspicuous for the near total absence of women. It is an indisputable fact that men dominate the police force, and that they ensure that women face several hurdles in achieving career advancement and job satisfaction. Professional and social life necessitates a commingling of attitudinal, structural and technical changes. This is essential for engendering social change; and is all the more relevant in ushering in gender equality. The police department is no exception to this notion, and the US has brought about fundamental changes to its laws (Price, 1996). These changes have served to enhance the importance of women in policing In addition, the US initiated moves to better the educational and employment opportunities of women and minorities, by according them privileged treatment in admissions to educational institutions, employment, award of contracts and the conferral of social benefits. This constitutes affirmative action, and it was the consequence of the enactment of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 (Teaching With

Three Men in a Boat Essay Example for Free

Three Men in a Boat Essay The author, Jerome K. Jerome, was born in Walsall, Staffordshire, England, on 2nd May 1859. His early upbringing was done in London and he studied in Marylebone Grammar School at the age of 15, he lost both his parents and had to take up a job as a railway clerk. Later on he took up different vocations- school teacher, actor, journalist. In 1888 he married Georgina Henrietta Stanley. His first publication was ‘Idle Thoughts of an Idle Fellow’, followed by the famous ‘Three Men in a Boat’. He became famous both as a playwright and novelist. He also served in the French Red Cross during the First World War before his death on 14th June 1927. The theme The complete novel is based upon a boat-trip taken by three friends down the river Thames from Kingston to Oxford. I believe that it was supposed to be a travelogue but it turned out to be a hilarious account of a journey. The story turns out to be humorous due to the brief anecdotes given by the author of previous incidences, the three friends’ behaviors and the occasional humorous uplift given by the author’s dog. The plot The story begins by introducing George, Harris, Jerome and Montmorency, a fox-terrier. The men are spending an evening in Jeromes room, smoking and discussing illnesses they fancy they suffer from. They conclude they are all suffering from overwork and need a holiday. A stay in the country and a sea trip are both considered, then rejected (J. describes the bad experiences had by his brother-in-law and a friend on sea trips). Eventually, the three decide on a boating holiday, up the River Thames, from Kingston upon Thames to Oxford, during which theyll camp, notwithstanding Jeromes anecdotes regarding previous experiences with tents and camping stoves. They embark the following Saturday. George must go to work that morning (George goes to sleep at a bank from ten to four each day, except Saturdays, when they wake him up and put him outside at two) so Jerome and Harris make their way to Kingston by train. They are unable to find the correct train at Waterloo Station so they bribe a train driver to take his train to Kingston, where they collect their hired boat and start their journey. They meet George later, up-river at Weybridge. The remainder of the story relates their river journey and the incidents that occur. The book s original purpose as a guidebook is apparent as the narrator describes the passing landmarks and villages such as Hampton Court Palace, Hampton Church, Monkey Island, Magna Carta Island and Marlow, and muses upon historical associations of these places. However, he frequently digresses into funny anecdotes that range from the unreliability of barometers for weather forecasting to the difficulties that may be encountered when learning to play the Scottish bagpipe. The most frequent topics are river pastimes such as fishing and boating and the difficulties they present to the inexperienced and unwary. Character Sketches George- George is one of the two friends of the author and is a bank clerk by profession. He is an incredibly lazy and sluggish person and according to the author, George is very much able to take a nap at anytime, anywhere. He is not among the brightest of people and even his friends tend to think so. They are really taken for by surprise when George makes the sensible suggestion of taking the river trip. He always tries to grab an opportunity ofnot doing a particular work which shows his reluctance to work and determination to escape out of it. Harris- Harris is a vain fellow who pretends to be extremely hard working but usually pushes off the burden on other people. He is outspoken and does not hesitate to tell his friends what he thinks about them even if it may not be pleasant. For instance he outwardly tells George that his new blazer is utterly revolting and that he must not wear it around them (Harris and Jim). When Harris takes on a job he makes a huge fuss out of it like the narrator’s uncle Podger. It may not be anything majorly important but if Harris is going to do it; the world is surely going to know about it. He also thinks very highly of himself and his voice though his friends do not want him to even attempt singing. He is extremely fascinated by tombs and graveyards much to the author’s amazement and dislike. He is also quite short tempered and it is best to let him rant off his anger rather than try and talk to him about it. He would not mind a drink at any time of the day and enjoys the company of his friends. Jerome- Jerome is the narrator of the book. He is a young, single middle-class man living in London. He is fond of history and literature and spends much of his time daydreaming about the days when knights roamed the countryside of England. This daydreaming sometimes gets him into trouble when he does not pay suitable attention to what he is doing. Jerome, like his two friends on the boat trip, is a little vain and conceited, but he realizes it and pokes gentle fun at himself, his friends, and the habits of others like them through his anecdotes, where he and his friends are often the butt of ego-skewering jokes. Jerome has always been fond of boats, but prefers the old fashioned. The author (Jerome) quite often becomes philosophical and the draws comparisons between their journey and the journey of our life. Therefore we can conclude that he even has a romantic and poetic nature. Montmorency- Montmorency is the author’s dog that accompanied by him, George and Harris in their river trip. Montmorency looked like an angel sent to Earth in the form of a small Fox Terrier. He had a gentle noble expression which brought tears to the eyes of elderly folk. When Montmorency first arrived, the author thought that he would not live long. But, he soon changed his opinion about Montmorency when his true nature was exposed. The author had to pay for chickens Montmorency had killed and had to drag him out of hundreds of street fights. Once Montmorency killed the neighbours’ cat and on one occasion he had kept a man stuck in his own tool shed for about two hours. The authors gardener made money by betting on Montmorencys rat-killing skills. He liked to roam around and fight with dogs of a similar disreputable nature. Therefore, he enjoyed places like inns and pubs but not places such as damp boats and scenic places.

Constructions of Gender and the Treatment of PTSD within the U.S. Milit

Constructions of Gender and the Treatment of PTSD within the U.S. Military The U.S. military shows a surprising sensitivity and openness to the emotional difficulties of being stationed abroad, especially in a conflict zone, and it is making great efforts towards preventing/easing depression and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among its members (although it varies by branch). Group therapy is made available at Veteran's Administration hospitals and the Department of Veteran Affairs is connected to the National Center for Post-traumatic Stress Disorder, which provides many helpful resources including literature that speaks openly about "private," "domestic," and "relational" issues. This is in shocking contrast with the predominant military culture which is hyper-masculine and hierarchical. The question of whether or not you have "been in" is not asked to determine your understanding of military lingo and procedure; what is being asked is: Are you one of us? Romantic, and even realistic, accounts of combat almost always include stories about the particular love and selfless dedication that develops between soldiers and their buddies. Servicemembers frequently describe their units as families. "Basically, this was their family for the last thirteen months," said First Sergeant Dana Morgan, describing the 140 th Quartermaster company just returned from Iraq. He was attending their welcome home ceremony at Fort Totten in New York. The 128 reservists of the 140 th spent thirteen months (March 2003 - April 2004) in Iraq providing laundry and bath services to other troops. Pacifists often drudge up the dirty details in order to de-mystify, and thus de-glorify, war. It is difficult to deny, howeve... ...sonal interview: April 4, 2004, Fort Totten, New York. Katz, Lori S., Sexual Trauma Education and Assessment for the Primary Care Provider , Veterans' Association Healthcare System. Morgan, Dana. First Sergeant, U.S. Army. Personal interview: April 4, 2004, Fort Totten, New York. Newland, Miriam. Women Veterans Coordinator, Military Order of the Purple Heart. Personal interview: March 24, 2004, New York Harbor Veterans' Administration, New York City. Ignatieff, Michael. The Warriors Honor: Ethnic War and the Modern Conscience , Henry Holt and Company, New York: 1997 Sadler, Anne, et al. "Factors Associated with Women's Risk of Rape in the Military Environment," American Journal of Industrial Medicine , 2003. Scotti, Mike. Former First Lieutenant, U.S. Marine Corps. Personal interview: April 13 and April 26, 2004, New York City.

Technology and Health Play

As of today, technology plays a vital role in almost every aspect of human existence. In the same way, this research paper treats technology as a vital part of the full swing implementation of health information systems as the new way of addressing and managing health issues. Information systems by elementary definition is the integration of technology based components that is used for the collection, storage, processing and communication (transmission) of information (Britannica, 2010, p. n.pag.). This research paper integrates the same meaning in its discussions regarding the policy planning and implementation of information systems in the field of health. More particularly, this research paper strives to explain the Public Health Informatics Institute policy issues through its extensive discussions of information systems.The World Health Organization (WHO) stresses that the integration of information systems in health care profits many individuals. Even if the full swing use of in formation systems in health care is still far from being realized, most health institutions such as the WHO deem that the creation of health information systems will make the identification, addressing and implementation of health policies comparatively easier. Addressing endemic health problems can be more efficient, even before an outbreak is declared due to the simultaneous monitoring capabilities of health information systems (Eldis.org, 2010, p. n.pag.).Information systems allow performance data to be easily disseminated to communities and individuals allowing the creation of a more timely consciousness regarding health issues (Eldis.org, 2010, p. 1). The data from the information systems can be treated as the evidence base of health policy making; the precision of data in information systems allows policymakers to determine the issues needed to be addressed (Eldis.org, 2010, p. 1). Finally, information systems empower health institutions’ customers with the accountabili ty of their health institutions by making their transactions recorded and managed (Eldis.org, 2010, p. 1).The advantages projected with the blooming of health information systems can easily move health institutions to integrate their operations to information systems. However, such decisions cannot be easily made without a preliminary assessment of the current health industry’s policies and structures. The technological bias of health information systems creates a completely new dimension for the health care industry. Due to this, health institutions such as PHII oblige themselves to assess not only the practicability of such systems but also its feasibility to start with.PHII pushes for the issue of integrating information systems to the health industry by integrating it on existing health structures such as immunization registries. The integration of immunization registries to information systems insures that the registry will be efficiently managed without compromising the needed confidentiality of the population-based data of the registry (Saarlas, Edwards, Wild, & Richmond, 2003, p. 47).The policies of many health institutions toward health information systems are founded in the premises set by population based data such as immunization registries. The massive information needed to address even the smallest health problems can be found in population based health information (Hinman & Ross, 2010, p. n.pag.). In line with this, PHII pushes forth the integration of information systems in the health structure of immunization registries to insure that the structure can function at its optimum level. The new features of information systems are seen by PHII as the needed essentials to take the health care industry into a more efficient and accountable state. Conclusively, the integration of immunization registries is a start but not the end of the bloom of health information systems.BibliographyBritannica. (2010). Science and Technology: Information Syste ms. Retrieved August 4, 2010, from www.britannica.com: http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/287895/information-systemEldis.org. (2010). Health management information systems. Retrieved August 4, 2010, from www.eldis.org: www.eldis.org/healthsystems/hmis/index.htmHinman, A. R., & Ross, D. A. (2010). Immunization Registries Can Be the Building Blocks for National Health Information Systems. Retrieved August 3, 2010, from www.phii.org: http://content.healthaffairs.org/cgi/content/full/29/4/676?ijkey=GH9RmlBCqfpKA&keytype=ref&siteid=healthaffSaarlas, K. N., Edwards, K., Wild, E., & Richmond, P. (2003). Developing Performance Measures for Immunization Registries. Public Health Management Practice , 47-57.

Culture Competence Essay - 1348 Words

These nine terms are all correlated and intertwined with each other. Without one, like culture, you cannot have the other, such as diversity. If one is going to work as a health care professional, they must know these terms and be able to respect the meaning of each one. A meaning of a word can differ from person to person, depending on his or her culture and upbringing. Culture in a general sense is patterns, behaviors, beliefs, values, customs and life ways that have been passed on from person to person, generation to generation, within a family and group of people. This group of people with the same thoughts about products of human work will also share implicit or explicit patterns of their world view and decision making. There are†¦show more content†¦The acceptance and respect for diverse cultures comes from being aware of what goes on between the people of a particular culture. â€Å"Cultural awareness is the appreciation of outer signs of diversity such as the music, dress, arts and physical characteristics† (Purnell, 404). Being respectful and open to different cultures isn’t just about appreciation the beauty of the people and their beliefs, it is also about having the knowledge to be able to communicate and care for p atients of another culture. Cultural competence takes in thought the patients beliefs and practices, not just the external views of a culture. In order to be competent as a health care professional, one must be able to deliver care accordingly for a patient’s culture. Not only, do they have to obtain the knowledge, abilities and skill to treat the patient effectively, but they must also choose their words carefully. Since cultures differ from patient to patient, one must accept that before they open his/her mouth. Every culture has a different way of speaking, not necessarily a different language, but a way of talking to one another. Health care professionals must be sensitive to what they say to their patients. Certain things like â€Å"You have to take your medicine or you could die† may be offensive to someone who doesn’t have the same culture that you are used to. Without this cultural sensitivity health care providers can make patients feel very uncomfortab le orShow MoreRelatedWhat Is Culture And Cultural Competence?1328 Words   |  6 Pagesand sensitivity is known as cultural competence. Introduction: Our partnership with The Society of New Americans (SNA) will help us fortify our mission to broaden access to education by donating bicycles to students who need them. Fittingly, SNA’s mission to increase access to education within the different cultural communities it serves goes hand in hand with our own. All around us is evidence that globalization has resulted in people from different cultures and backgrounds interacting more closelyRead MoreEthnicity, Culture And Alcohol Analysis And Cultural Competence914 Words   |  4 PagesEthnicity, Culture and Alcohol Analysis and Cultural Competence in with Diverse Groups Introduction Attempting to treat individuals that have alcohol related issues requires a depth of knowledge and skill, specifically, when providing care to individuals of differentiating ethnic and cultural backgrounds. The National on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA) article discusses a multitude of resourceful information that is related to ethnicity, culture, and alcohol. Procuring detailed informationRead MoreIntercultural Competence : Understanding The Values Of People, Cultures, And Lifestyles1682 Words   |  7 PagesIntercultural Competence are abilities to adeptly navigate complex environments marked by a growing diversity of people, cultures, and lifestyles, which, in other terms, means abilities to perform effectively and properly when interacting with others that are culturally different than them. (Fantini Tirmizi, 2006). When given the relevance for social and political life, the scope of intercultural competence aims to free people from their own logic in order to engage with others and listen to theirRead MoreEducation On Culture Competence For Hiv / Aids1027 Words   |  5 Pagesleadership in many dimensions of the AIDS epidemic, which should include how to advance HIV care and protect communities (Rowan, 2013). We must approach intervention as an ongoing, comprehensive, and holistic process (Rowan, 2013). Education on culture competence for HIV/AIDS prevention is vital to stem the spread of the epidemic among AI/AN. Education demonstrates, respect, builds upon diverse values, beliefs, tradition, and linguistic dimensions and is the cornerstone for learning about perspectivesRead MoreThe Culture Of Iran Is A Major Element Of Cultural Competence1683 Words   |  7 Pages Cultural awareness is a major element of cultural competence as defined by the National Center for Cultural Competence (NCCC). It is the first and foundational element because without it, it is virtually impossible to acquire the attitudes, skills, and knowledge that are essential to cultural competence (Goode). The focus of the paper will be to discuss the culture of Iran. Iran is located within the Middle East centered just between the Caspian Sea and Persian Gulf. Even though Iran is notRead MoreThe Principles Of Public Trust1460 Words   |  6 Pagesimprove and promote the public trust. This paper will also evaluate the model as it relates to the organizational culture of the accounting profession and the AICPA Code. Finally, it will address how members of the accounting profession can enhance the public trust now and in the future. â€Æ' Ability Merriam-Webster defines ability as (a) â€Å"the quality or state of being able; (b) competence in doing: skill; (c) natural aptitude or acquired proficiency† (Merriam-Webster, 2015). Merriam-Webster then definesRead MoreMulticultural Competence Is The Appreciation And Understanding Of Different Cultures And Individuals From Those Cultures853 Words   |  4 PagesMulticultural competence is the appreciation and understanding of different cultures and individuals from those cultures. In order for one to be fully multicultural competent one needs to broaden one’s perspective and keep learning. Being multicultural competent is a long process in itself but with time one can development this â€Å"tool† and will help one be a more compassionate human being with deeper understanding of the diversity in our world. The hallmark of multicultural competence is to be ableRead MoreInterpersonal Communication Essay1488 Words   |  6 Pagesto stay or terminate the relation ship. This last goal achievement is crucial because you want to keep all healthy relationships and dispose of the unhealthy ones. Appropriateness refers to people’s reaction matching up to the different situation, culture, and relationship expectations. A type of appropriateness includes self-monitoring which is simply a self observation. There are two degrees to this type: high self-monitoring and low self-monitoring. A clear example of a high self-monitor is an individualRead MoreTechnology And Intergenerational Management Essay1100 Words   |  5 PagesAmerican culture today is inextricably connected throughout the country as a shared network of technology—and although there are many Americans who may not have constant exposure to the world or national news on their personal internet devices, this way of communication is becoming increasingly important as an integral part of many people’s lives. Media literacy and rather extensive knowledge of various technologies are key aspects of living in the midst of 21st century society and culture. It seemsRead MoreToo Many U.S. Expatriate Manage rs Fail Essay659 Words   |  3 Pagestheir work until they are accustomed to the new culture and atmosphere. Soon, they will realize that their responsibilities are a little harder than those they previously handed. In their effort to adjust with the new culture and extensive responsibilities, they feel mostly under pressure and tend to spend more time in workplaces to sort out things at the earliest. Consequently, their family life suffers and their spouses also will be experiencing a culture shock in the new country. An unhappy spouse

History of Community Health Nursing Essay - 1474 Words

History of Community Nursing Matrix As long as people have existed, they needed to look after their health. As a result, the healthcare industry was born. Nurses were a vital part of that growing community. This paper will approach three different historical periods in the United States, discuss the nurse’s role in the community in regards to the major health issues of that period, how they partnered with the community to create new programs and finish with an intellectual discussion on how Jean Watson’s theory of Caring can be applied to the nurse’s role for each historical period. Period 1-- 1800s: In the early year of American settlement , female head of the family provided the care for sick in the family (Stanhope,†¦show more content†¦Nightingale’s idea of becoming a trained nurse became popular across the United States (Stanhope, Lancaster, 2008). During 1870s, the first nursing school based on Nightingale model opened in the United State s (Stanhope, Lancaster, 2008). Trained nurses in the United States started to work in private duty nursing or held the few positions in the hospital administrators or instructors (Stanhope, Lancaster, 2008). These private duty nurses only care for wealthy people and home-visiting nurses care for sick poor (Stanhope, Lancaster, 2008). The nurse’s role in this period was to provide preventive education of communicable diseases which will decrease illness (Stanhope, Lancaster, 2008). The visiting nurse did prevention campaigning through the home visit and well-baby clinics (Stanhope, Lancaster, 2008). They worked with physicians and provided selected treatment, kept records of vital signs (Stanhope, Lancaster, 2008). They also educated family members how to care for the sick member and in personal and environmental prevention measures, such as good nutrition, hygiene (Stanhope, Lancaster, 2008). In 1800s, industrial revolution helped to spread of diseases. The major hea lth care issues during this period were epidemics of smallpox, yellow fever, cholera, typhoid, typhus, tuberculosis, infant mortality, and inadequate housing and sanitation (Stanhope, Lancaster, 2008). The public health nurses or visiting nurses were partnership with differentShow MoreRelatedHistory of Public Health Essay938 Words   |  4 PagesThe History of Public Health and the Role of the Community/Public Health Nurse Walden University NURS 4010 Section 04, Family, Community, and Population-Based Care 10 / 21 / 2012 The History of Public Health and the Role of the Community/Public Health Nurse Overview Public health, a population-centered nursing had been in existence since the late 1880s under the guise of different names. The focus of public health nursing was on sanitation, communicable diseaseRead MoreHistory Of Public Health Nursing880 Words   |  4 Pages The public health nurse has been called the leader in making improvements in the quality of health care for individuals, families, populations and communities (Stanhope Lancaster, 2014). As it has been stated nurses from around the world collaborate with one another and found that their population centered nursing share more similarities than differences (Stanhope Lancaster, 2014). Nurses who work outside of an institutional setting has been referred to as public health nurses, visiting nursesRead MoreThe History of Public Health and the Role of the Community/Public Health Nurse1136 Words   |  5 PagesRunning head: PUBLIC HEALTH AND ROLE OF THE COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSE 1 PUBLIC HEALTH AND ROLE OF THE COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSE 2 The History of Public Health and the Role of the Community/Public Health Nurse When considering the evolution of healthcare and the role of the nurse in the United States, many people might first consider this in the context of the hospital setting. While the history of acute care is an important area to consider, it is imperative that equal attention be givenRead MoreMrsa946 Words   |  4 PagesMRSA in the Community According to Mosby’s Medical, Nursing, and Allied Health Dictionary (2002), Methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), is a gram positive bacterial that is normally found on the skin and in the throat, and is a life threatening staphylococcal infection that may arise within hospitals, and â€Å"is frequently responsible for abscesses, endocarditis, impetigo, osteomyelitis, pneumonia, and septicemia.† Treatment usually includes bed rest, analgesics, and an anti-microbialRead MoreComparison of Public and Community Health972 Words   |  4 PagesCOMPARISON OF PUBLIC AND COMMUNITY HEALTH Comparison of Public and Community Health University of Phoenix NUR/408 Michelle Hogsed July 7, 2014 . Comparison of Public and Community Health Public and community health work simultaneously as well as separately to protect the populations of the world. Public health focuses on the health of an entire nation and community health focuses on health and wellness of various communities. The World Health Organization (WHO) believesRead MoreThe Leadership Structure Of New Zealand Health Care System Essay1736 Words   |  7 PagesThe leadership structure of New Zealand health care system has a slight modification. Later 2008, the twenty-one District Health Boards (DOB) that act as a consumer and supporter maintained in the population liable for health to ensure services are arranged effectively and efficiently for all New Zealand. District Health Board consist of seven elected members and four delegated by the Minister of Health (MOH). It requires to select board members, but the condition is to have two representatives fromRead MoreA Pioneer in the Nursing Profession, Lillian Wald Essay717 Words   |  3 Pageswas a pione er for the nursing profession as well as an advocate for many unrecognized populations in the United States. Wald was passionate about people, especially the poor and overlooked (A+E, para.2). While working with the underprivileged she concluded that she could be doing more. During her nursing career she established many programs and reformed society in countless ways. Wald is mostly recognized for her pioneering in public health nursing, but she impacted nursing as a whole in a wayRead MorePublic Health Nursing History1148 Words   |  5 PagesVisiting home health nurses are a well-known profession and becoming more popular as time grows. The service of public health nursing was carried out on the frontier by nurses under the name of â€Å"Visiting nurse services† which were part of the late 19th century health reform out of ‘The Henry Street House’ in 1893, as discussed in the film â€Å"Nursing in America – A History of Social Reform†. They held many roles outside of nursing, those roles and missions and struggles will be discussed. The HenryRead MoreLeadership Structure Of New Zealand Health Care System Essay1723 Words   |  7 PagesLeadership structure of New Zealand health care system has a slight modification. Later 2008, the twenty-one District Health Boards (DOB) that act as a consumer and supporter maintained for the population liable for health to ensure services are arrange effectively and efficiently for all New Zealand. District Health Board consist of seven elected members and four delegated by the Minister of Health (MOH). It requires to select board members, but the condition is to have two representative from MaoriRead MoreNursing And Public Health Nursing1537 Words   |  7 PagesName three historical nursing leaders and explain how their contributions impacted community/public health nursing. When it comes to nursing, there have been and are a number of individuals that have made a difference in nursing and have made a positive impact on nursing itself. Some of these impacts are still around and used today. There were a number of nurses who made a positive impact and made a difference in the lives of others and have saved lives as well. Without these nurses, hospitals and

How a Firm Should Address Ethical Issues as They Relate to Managerial Coursework

Essays on How a Firm Should Address Ethical Issues as They Relate to Managerial Accounting Coursework The paper "How a Firm Should Address Ethical Issues as They Relate to Managerial Accounting" is a perfect example of coursework on finance and accounting. Ethics is a critical part of accounting more so managerial accounting. Various institutions form a code of conduct to set ethical behavior that they expect for accountants working in their groups. The objective of managerial accounting is to provide financial information about what happened in the past of the company. Managerial accounting supplies the correct operational information and has its focus on the future of any organization. The facts mentioned above give managerial accountants an important role in maintaining and upholding a business’s ethical culture. An overview of the work of managerial accounting indicates how much of a connection its tasks and responsibilities are with any business ethics and business ethical standards.   Monitoring functions for managerial accounting include defining standards against which efficiency, performance, and accountability can be measured. Decision-makers in companies require objective and full data when they review business operations and make critical decisions for the enterprise (Maher, Stickney Weil, 2011). Ethical standards in any organization ensure the information has its report in full to the members and without any bias; positive, or negative.The field of managerial accounting has a role and takes its role in upholding and maintaining business ethical issues seriously. The global governing body of accountants, International Federation of Accountants, has a code of ethics and code of conduct that applies to managerial accountants throughout the world. The governing body’s code outlines ethical issues and responsibilities of accountants relating to areas such as taxes. It also includes ethical questions that have guidelines that relate to integrity and objec tivity, competence, confidentiality and resolution of ethical conflicts (Maher, Stickney Weil, 2011). IFAC's moral code of conduct and standards are mandatory requirements for any managerial accounting.

Invictus by William Ernest Henley free essay sample

Latin word meaning unconquerable. The word Invites also contains victory in it. One can infer from the title that this piece of literature is about taking responsibility and control over your own destiny, or over ones self. The first stanza, the author asserts what he is surrounded by, Out of the night that covers me. The author claims his environment to be a negative and dark place. l thank whatever gods may be for my unconquerable soul, he implies the grateful he is for the gods giving him the strength to never give in to the hostile place he presides.Stanza number two assures that he will not give up. In the fell clutch of circumstances I have not winced or cried aloud, in the eye of the storm, in the heat of the moment, he has not shown any weakness. Under the bludgeoning of chance my head is bloody, but unbowed, when in the hardest part of the problem he struggles but never gives up. We will write a custom essay sample on Invictus by William Ernest Henley or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The third stanza declares that one has to stand strong. Beyond this place of wrath and tears looms but the horror of the shade, after the horrible times that have gone by, there is still more to come. And yet the menace of he years finds, and shall find me, unafraid, he is strong and shall remain strong as time goes by. Fourth stanza states that a person Is under control of his or her own fate. It matters not how strait the gate, how charged with punishments the scroll, the consequences have no Importance In this situation. l am the master of my fate; I am the captain of my soul, a person has total control of their own destiny. One can assume that the author Is writing about a personal experience Involving a big struggle.He wrote, The night that covers me, signifying that he has a great internal struggle to keep himself away from temptation. He states, My head Is bloody, but unbowed, which we can assume means that there has been problems so strong he has been beaten, but always ends with his head held up high and undefeated, victorious. The tone changes throughout the poem. The tone varies from being the underdog to finally stating coming out ahead. Starting off with a dark and gloomy feel. The poem progresses towards the feeling of power and the words Increasingly become strong and outspoken. As In the beginning the feel of being weak becomes Invincible at the ND. Definably shifting from a sad poem to a powerful poem. One can conclude that the theme of the poem Is that everyone Is responsible and has control over his or her destiny. Regardless of what happens a person Is under control of his life. Come dark storms or facing hell Itself, the human spoilt can not be broken. Invites by William Ernest Henley: what it means By Gabrielle time goes by. Fourth stanza states that a person is under control of his or her own the consequences have no importance in this situation. L am the master of my fate; I One can assume that the author is writing about a personal experience involving a internal struggle to keep himself away from temptation. He states, My head is progresses towards the feeling of power and the words increasingly become strong and outspoken. As in the beginning the feel of being weak becomes invincible at the One can conclude that the theme of the poem is that everyone is responsible and has control over his or her destiny.

Five imporant events of the 19 Essay Example For Students

Five imporant events of the 19 Essay Five Important Events of the 1960sAssassinationsDuring the 1960s the world was hit with four different assassinations of some of the leaders in the world who were out to change the way things were. Although some disagreed to the changes that they were trying to do and even threatened them, they still continued to pursue their idea of change. Ngo Dinh Diem became the first president of South Vietnam in 1956 he was a catholic who opposed Communism and sought for an independent Vietnam while it was under French power. Although he was viewed as brutal, corrupt, and prejudice against non-Catholics and Buddhists, he did however help make Vietnam an independent country from France and help prevent Communist rule over all of Vietnam. In 1933 Ngo Dinh Diem was appointed Minister of the Interior by Emperor Bao Dai, at the same time during the 1930s Ngo Dinh Diem began to disapprove of the French rule over Vietnam. He decided to leave the government and follow the many Vietnamese nationalists w ho were also against French rule. In 1950 he left Vietnam and headed for the U.S. after Vietnam had fallen under rule of Viet Minh in August of 1945, seeing Communism as a threat to his values as a Catholic and to an independent Vietnam. President Dwight D. Eisenhowers administration fearing Communist takeovers in Southeast Asia saw Ngo Dinh Diem as a Vietnamese nationalist capable of overturning Communist Viet Minh. In 1954 Viet Minh defeated the French and he won control of Northern Vietnam, thus splitting the country in half. Southern Vietnam remained under the control of Emperor Bao Dai, who was supported by the U.S. greatly. The U.S. appointed Ngo Dinh Diem as Prime Minister under Bao Dai. In 1956 elections were held in South Vietnam and Ngo Dinh Diem was elected the first president of the newly established Republic of Vietnam (South Vietnam). The U.S. military was sent into South Vietnam to form and train an army for the republic, thus becoming the Army of the Republic of Viet nam (ARVN). While Ngo Dinh Diem was president he forcibly moved peasants and rural villagers from their homes and put them into controlled settlements in order to suppress Communist activities. He also drafted all males from the villages into the ARVN. As a result of his acts a group called the National Liberation Front (NLF) was formed in order to overthrow his power as president. Ngo Dinh Diem was also prejudice against non-Catholics and extremely prejudice against the Buddhists, and often denied them of positions in the government. He would also give government positions to his family, such as his brother Ngo Dinh Nhu who headed up the National Police. Ngo Dinh Nhu was a gangster, and often trafficked drugs and promoted prostitution. In May 1963, Buddhists formed large demonstrations against Ngo Dinh Diem. During one of these demonstrations the National Police killed 9 people, in protest against the killings Buddhist monks set themselves on fire, and burned themselves to death. A fter the killings and after the protests of the Buddhist burnings, Ngo Dinh Diem lost his U.S. support and viewed him as an embarrassment to the U.S. also that his government was brutal and corrupt. On November 2, 1963 a group of ARVN generals took over Ngo Dinh Diem government and with the USs support, assassinated Ngo Dinh Diem and his brother Ngo Dinh Nhu. The major effect of Ngo Dinh Diems assassination was that it led North Vietnam to its victory over South Vietnam because of political confusion caused by the assassination during the Vietnam War. It also led to the expansion of the NLF, which aided the North Vietnamese in over throwing the South Vietnamese government during the Vietnam War. John Fitzgerald Kennedy was elected president in 1961 he became the youngest person ever to be elected president. Although his presidency was cut short and he only got to serve 3 years, he was one of Americas greatest presidents. During his presidency he influenced the world, young people looked up to him, brought back old traditions of the United States government, fought for the equal rights of all humans despite their racial background and the color of their skin. He also prevented a Nuclear War and possibly World War III from developing during the Cuban missile crisis. In a speak he said Let the word go forth from this time and place to friend and foe alike, that the torch has been passed to a new generation of Americansborn in this century, tempered by war, disciplined by a hard and bitter peace, proud of our ancient heritageand unwilling to witness or permit the slow undoing of those human rights to which this nation has always been committed and to which we are committed today at home and around the world. He was committed to changing this country and influencing the world to change for the better that no human rights shall be denied to anyone. Were he called for a new world of law, where the strong are just and the weak secure and the peace preserved. He realized that this was going to be a hard thing to do, and that he wouldnt be president to carryout but he still new he had to start it and he announced that too. He said All this will not be finished in the first 100 days, nor will it be finished in the first 1000 days, nor in the life of this administration, nor even perhaps in our lifetime on this planet. But let us begin. Then on November 22, 1963 tragedy struck the U.S. and the world. President Kennedy and Mrs. Kennedy were in Dallas, Texas riding in a open convertible on the way to have lunch with Texas Governor John Connally and Connallys wife who were riding with them in the convertible. Out of nowhere two shots were fired rapidly at the preside nt, he was hit in the neck, where the bullet then hit Governor Connally in the back, the second bullet hit the president directly in the head. John Kennedy was rushed to the hospital but never gained consciousness, at 1:00PM he was declared dead.On the 24th of November, John F. Kennedys body was carried through the streets of Washington D.C. as more then 1 million people watched as it passed by. At Kennedys funeral in Arlington National Cemetery hundreds of thousands of people including representatives of 92 different nations. On President Kennedys grave marker was an eternal flame, which will burn forever in memorial of him. The assassin was Lee Harvey Oswald, who worked in the warehouse where the shots had been fired from a window on the sixth floor. While he was being transferred to a different jail, Jack Ruby a nightclub owner in Dallas shot and killed Oswald. The major effect of John F. Kennedys assassination came two hours after President Kennedy was pronounced dead, Vice Pres ident Lyndon Baines Johnson was sworn in as president. Lyndon B. Johnson was said to be a masterful politician. He fought a way against poverty though out the United States. On his State of the Union address, on January 8, 1964, He said his office today, here and now, declares unconditional war on poverty in America, and I urge this Congress and all Americans to join with me in that effort. To do so he created programs to help the poor like Neighborhood Health Care Facilities. Also during his presidency Medi-care and Medi-aid were created to help the elderly and the poor. The most profound effect of John F. Kennedys assassination will never be known, for we will never know what changes might have occurred, or effects that he might have had on the world if he had never been assassinated. One effect is for sure, that no President of the United States will ever ride in a open convertible again without the fear of being attacked. Martin Luther King, Jr. was a American clergyman, Nobel Prize winner, the main leader in the civil rights movement, and a advocate of nonviolent protests. He challenged segregation and racial discrimination during the 1950s and 1960s. He also successful in convincing whites to support the civil rights cause throughout the U.S. and the world. He had excellent public-speaking abilities, were he was praised for having powerful impression on the people he was speaking too, by doing so he was able to influence the people of color to protest nonviolently against discrimination towards them. In 1954, he became pastor at a Baptist Church in Montgomery, Alabama, where he used his speaking skills and his intellectual influence to promote and encourage nonviolent protest against discrimination. In 1955, he was chosen as president of the Montgomery Improvement Association (MIA), which directed the Montgomery bus boycott between 1955 to 1956. He was able to make a positive impression on whites ou tside the south, by not fighting back when attacked while protesting. In February of 1956, he was able to get the federal court to rule that city buses must be desegregated. In 1957 he founded the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC), an organization of black churches and ministers that sought to stop racial segregation. The SCLC encouraged the use of nonviolent protests directly against discrimination, such as marches, demonstrations, and boycotts. By doing so he provoked some whites to act out violently against the protesters, which lead to the federal government to confront the discrimination and racism. King was able to make connections with radical activists such as the American Communist Party, who gave him advice and supplied him with money to fund protests. He also met with white Protestant leaders and other white public figures to help him in stopping discrimination. On August 28, 1963, He delivered a speech in Washington D.C. during a massive protest of more tha n 200,000 supporters. The speech he gave will be remembered forever, the I Have a Dream speech. During the speech he was noted for these statements, I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed: We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal. I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character. As a result of his speech a political momentum was created, and soon following was the Civil Rights Act of 1964. The act prohibited segregation in public accommodations, and discrimination in education and employment. Kings speeches against discrimination and teachings of nonviolence protests, won him a Nobel Prize for peace in 1964. Later in 1965, king and the SCLC marched from Selma, Alabama to the capital of Alabama, Montgomery more then 50 miles away to join a voting-rights protest. 300 people made the whole trip taking 5 days to complete and when they arrived in Montgomery they were joined by 20,000 people in front of the capital building were King led the protest. Later President Lyndon B. Johnson signed the Voting Rights Act of 1965, which banned the use of voter qualification tests that were used often to prevent blacks from registering to vote. King later focused on discrimination in housing and employment in the cities, and moved his headquarters to Chicago. Then in 1967 he started to protest for a redistribution of the nations wealth to help solve the problem of black poverty. On April 4, 1968 in Memphis, Tennessee, while he was supporting garbage workers on strike, he was shot and killed by a sniper, James Earl Ray. The effects of the assassination were felt almost immediately shock and anger swept the U.S. and the world, riots broke out in hundreds of U.S. cities in the days after his death. King has become to represent black courage and achievement, speaking skills, leadership skills, and the ability to influence others to change. Several memorials have be built for him including Martin Luther King, Jr., Center for Social Justice, a research institute located in Atlanta another memorial in Atlanta is Martin Luther King, Jr. National Historic Site, where his birthplace, the Ebenezer Church, and the King Center, where his tomb is located. Then in 1983 Congress dedicated a National Holiday in his honor on the third Monday of January. Robert Francis Kennedy was a great U.S. political leader and Senator, were he was extremely concerned with the problems of urban ghettos and of the poor and disadvantaged.He attended Harvard and received his Bachelor of Arts degree in 1948, and was later awarded a LL.B. degree from the University of Virginia in 1951. Later in 1951 he was made an attorney in the U.S. Department of Justice. In 1952 he helped manage his brother John F. Kennedys senatorial campaign. After John F. Kennedy was elected president, Robert was appointed U.S. attorney general, while in office he fought on the enforcement of civil rights laws. He later resigned in 1964, and later that year he was elected U.S. senator from New York. As senator he continued to fight for civil rights, and work on the problems in the ghettos and with the poor. During the spring of 1968 he was campaigning for the Democratic Party nomination. In June of 1968, he had won major primaries in Indiana, Nebraska, and California. While leavi ng a celebration in Los Angeles on June 5, 1968 after the California primary was assured that he would win, he was shot. The next day on June 6, 1968 he died after being shot by Jerusalem-born Jordanian Sirhan Bishara Sirhan. His gravesite is in Arlington National Cemetery near John F. Kennedys gravesite. If Robert F. Kennedy was never shot, he may have become president, and bought new changes to the U.S., for he is known for saying in one of his speeches Some men see things as they are and say why? I dream things that never were and say why not?Advancement in Science and TechnologyOne of the biggest achievements in science and technology was the invention of the laser. The idea of the laser and how it would work was first invented by Albert Einstein in 1917. The first laser was outlined by the American physicists Arthur Leonard Schawlow and Charles Hard Townes that were patented in 1958. But a working laser was never seen until 1960 when the American physicist Theodore Maiman obser ved the first laser in action. Then in 1961 a helium-neon gas laser was built by the American physicist Ali Javan. Later in 1966 a liquid laser was constructed by the American physicist Peter Sorokin. In industry lasers are being used on all types of different things ranging from cutting to monitoring earth movements. Powerful laser beams can be focused on a very small spot, where the laser can be used to heat, melt, cut, or vaporize material with very precise accuracy. For example lasers are used to drill holes in diamonds, shape machine tools, cut microelectronics, and create semiconductor chips. Lasers are also being used in an attempt to create controlled nuclear fusion. The short laser pulses allow for high-speed photography, and laser beams are also being used for accurate alignment on construction sites. Lasers are being used to study the movement of the earth to study earthquakes and are also very effective detectors of air pollution. Also lasers have been used to determine the distance between the earth and the moon and other planets too. Genetic Diversity In Agriculture EssayThe space race wasnt just about manned space flights and rockets sent into space to collect information, it was also about a race to gain power over communication worldwide, military reconnaissance, and advanced weather. On August 12, 1960 Echo 1 was designed and launched by Bell Laboratories and NASA, it was a 100 foot wide balloon, made of plastic and covered with aluminum. It was used only when it was in the right position over earth that it could be used to send radio messages to another location. In 1962 Telstar 1 was launched by Bell Telephone and ATT as a communications satellite. Telstar was a 3 foot-diameter ball, that had solar cells which provided power to the satellite. It was capable of picking up radio signals like television broadcasts and telephone calls. On earth receivers would pick up the radio signals, and would then amplify them to be heard or seen. In 1963 the first commercial based satellite communications company was for med the Communications Satellite Corporation (COMSAT) in 1963. When the International Telecommunications Satellite Organization (INTELSAT) was formed in 1964, COMSAT became the U.S. member. Based in Washington, D.C., INTELSAT is owned by more than 120 nations. Intelsat 1 was launched in 1965 provides either 2400 voice circuits or one two-way television channel between the U.S. and Europe. Also for military usage, the military has satellites, which they use for private communication and early weather detection. The idea of using outer space for military reconnaissance was discovered during the flight of Faith 7 launched on May 15, 1963 when Maj. Leroy Gordon Cooper said that while orbiting the earth he could see ships, roads, and smoking chimneys. When the Discoverer satellites were launched and sent over the Soviet Union it took high quality pictures of the country. In 1966 satellites were launched that could stay in orbit for weeks at a time and did have to be recovered to get the data collected, it was beamed back down to earth instead. The satellites had high-resolution cameras and infrared detectors. As technology and equipment has improved spying from space has become less expensive and recovered better information. Satellites are also being used to detect submerged submarines that would usually be unseen on earth. Satellites can be used for missile detection as well as military reconnaissance. In 1960 the Midas satellites were launched, these satellites were capable of detecting heat by using infrared detectors. In 1968 Ballistic Missile Early Warning System (BMEW) satellites were launched by the U.S., to detect the launching of ballistic weapons so that the target of the missile can be given early warning. The first Antimissile satellites were launched in the early part of the 1960s. The RCA SAINT was built to inspect targets and if needed destroy them. Weather Satellites are used to give a accurate weather forecast for the up and coming days. On April 1, 1960, The U.S. and RCA launched the first weather satellite Tiros 1. Tiros 1 had two cameras, one for wide shots and the other for close up shots. When Tiros 1 would pass over the receiver the pictures would be sent down to the receiver on earth where the pictures could be analyzed to predict the weather. Later models of Tiros were launched that had better cameras and even infrared cameras too. Now because of weather satellites early detection of hurricanes and sever storms can give people time to prepare before the storm hits. Vietnam War; The MiddleThe middle of the Vietnam War began with the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution in 1964. After President John F. Kennedy was assassinated on November 22, 1963, Lyndon B. Johnson was appointed president. Johnson felt that he had to take a forceful stand on Vietnam so that other Communist countries wouldnt think that the U.S. was weak. He thought to win the war the U.S. needed to scary the North Vietnam leaders with the possibility of a full-scale U.S. military attack. In 1964 Johnson ordered top-secret commando raids against bridges, railways, and coastal bases. He also ordered the U.S. Navy to conduct surveillance missions along the North Vietnams coast. He increased secret bombing of the Ho Chi Minh Trail, which was a path, which became a road that ran around the front line between North and South Vietnam. On August 2, 1964, North Vietnamese gunboats fired on the U.S. destroyer USS Maddox, which had left the Gulf of Tonkin which was international waters and entered No rth Vietnams territory. Johnson in turn ordered more ships into the gulf. Once again on August 4, 1964, the USS Turner Joy was fired uponed by North Vietnamese patrol boats. Johnson replied again by ordering the first air strikes on North Vietnamese territory. Then the U.S. Congress passed the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution, which gave war-making powers to Johnson until peace and security had returned to Vietnam. After the resolution was passed Johnson increased the bombing on North Vietnam. The North Vietnamese then launched their troops, the Peoples Army of Vietnam (PAVN) into South Vietnam along with the National Liberation Front (NLF) also launching attacks against South Vietnam. Between February 7th to February 10th of 1965 the NLF launched surprise attacks on the U.S. air bases at Pleiku, killing 8, wounding 126 and Qui Nhon, killing 23, wounding 21. Johnson retaliated by bombing Hanoi while Soviet premier Aleksey Kosygin was visiting.The U.S. then declared a full-scale air war aga inst the North Vietnamese to try to weaken the PAVN and the NLF, the bombing didnt however do so. Johnson also asked that U.S. ground troops be sent into Vietnam to protect airbases saying that the Army of the Republic of Vietnam (ARVN) didnt have the ability to defend the bases alone. On March 8, 1965, 3500 U.S. Marines were sent in, in April 56,000 more troops were sent in, then by the end of June there were more then 74,000 U.S. troops in Vietnam. The U.S. planned a strategy that would wear down the North Vietnamese by inflicting high death tolls. By the end of 1965, more then 80,000 U.S. troops were in Vietnam. The North Vietnamese meanwhile were building up bases in the Central Highlands in South Vietnam, wanting to gain a strategic position. Also sending their troops along the Ho Chi Minh Trail that went through Laos and Cambodia skipping over the border of North and South Vietnam. The NLF and PAVN had poor weaponry so they avoided open combat, instead they did hit and run tac tics, which they designed to wear down the support of the war in the United States. In October 1965 one of the largest battles of the Vietnam War was fought in the La Drang Valley, where the U.S. defeated the North Vietnamese forces. After the battle the NLF and PAVN changed their fight tactics. Instead they would fight when they choose too, and when they did they would hit hard and fast and then retreat quickly to avoid U.S. firepower. The U.S. after the battle increased its search-and-destroy missions just northeast of Saigon. In 1966 the U.S. bombed and destroyed more than 70% of the North Vietnams fuel reserves but still the North Vietnamese strength remained strong. By 1967 both the ground war and the air war had reached a stalemate, neither side was winning the war. In 1967 North Vietnam (PAVN) and the NLF decided the time had come to mount an all-out offensive aimed at inflicting serious losses on both the ARVN and U.S. forces. They planned the Tet Offensive with the hope that this would effect the thinking of the war in the United States. In December 1967 North Vietnamese troops attacked and surrounded a U.S. Marine base at Khe Sanh, and continually attacked it. The U.S. ordered that the base be held no matter what. To keep the North Vietnamese from taking the base about 50,000 U.S. troops were sent into the area, thus weakening positions further south. With so many American troops in one spot, the PAVN and NLF could attack anywhere else without much trouble. The main attack of the Tet Offensive then began on January 31, 1968, during the Tet holiday. Most ARVN troops had gone home on leave, and U.S. troops were on stand-down in many areas. Over 85,000 NLF soldiers simultaneously attacked almost every major city and capital across South Vietnam , defeating their defenders. The U.S. Embassy in Saigon was taken over by the NLF, and held for eight hours before U.S. forces could retake the complex. On March 16th U.S. troops in My Lai on a search and destroy mission kill more then 500 unarmed men, women and children. The U.S. Department of Defense estimated that a total of 45,000 North Vietnamese and NLF were killed during the Tet Offensive. After the Tet Offensive the majority of Americans wanted to end the war. In 1968 Lyndon Johnson announced that he had decided not to seek reelection, and Richard Nixon was elected president. By January 1969, 30,000 U.S. troops had been killed in the war. Nixon announced that he had a plan to end the war and in July of 1969, he withdrew 25,000 U.S. troops from Vietnam and lowered the draft rate. He also increased a CIA operation that assassinated NLF guerrillas, which resulted in 20,000 assassinations. He also increased funding for the ARVN and increased the bombing on Northern Vietnam. Nixo n said that the reason was to keep the Communist under attack while U.S. were withdrawn. In March of 1969, Nixon ordered the bombing of Cambodia in the intention to wipe out North Vietnamese and NLF bases along the South Vietnam border and to give the ARVN time to build up its forces. The bombing failed in its objectives, but as a result more then 100,000 innocent peasants were killed and 2 million were left homeless. Also continuing since 1964 the bombing of Laos continued targeting North Vietnamese forces that were traveling along the Ho Chi Minh Trail. It is Estimated that about 150,000 tons of bombs were dropped over Laos between 1964 to 1969, and about 750,000 people were killed. As a result of the middle of the Vietnam War 58,000 were killed, 300,000 were wounded, Vietnam veterans suffered from Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, including anxiety and depression, and more then 130 billion dollars were spent directly on the war. The U.S. suffered raised taxes and serious inflation due to the high costs of the war. Hundreds of protests against the war were held, many of these protests ending in violence. Also the Vietnam War created a debate about the right of the U.S. to interfere in the affairs of other nations.